托福TPO23 lecture3海洋生物解析

 首先我們可以整理一下在托福TPO中生物文章的主要內(nèi)容和常見結(jié)構(gòu)。

動物行為類

包括冬眠，覓食，交配等常見動物行為，文章會介紹某種動物行為然后舉例說明。

動物進(jìn)化

可能會和歷史類文章結(jié)合，涉及多個理論，要注意教授對于每個理論的評價。

動植物的滅絕和保護(hù)

一般人有關(guān)，可能會涉及環(huán)境破壞，人類干預(yù)物種入侵生態(tài)系統(tǒng)重建等等話題�？赡軙�考察人類如何保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，以及相關(guān)的政策，教授對此的態(tài)度。

動物以及植物特點(diǎn)

有時候先介紹動物的某一種特點(diǎn)，然后用給出幾點(diǎn)說明。

動植物適應(yīng)環(huán)境

涉及到動物為了適應(yīng)環(huán)境，身體部位或者一些特定的行為發(fā)生了變化。

現(xiàn)在用TPO23 lecture3部分題目為例來講解一下生物文章的考點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)

首先文章開頭給了一幅海豚的解刨圖。所以可以先大膽假設(shè)，這篇文章一定會講解動物的身體結(jié)構(gòu)和相應(yīng)功能。

現(xiàn)在來看第一題

1 What is the lecture mainly about?

A. Parts of the dolphin's anatomy that allow it to navigate.

B. Two different types of communication used by dolphins.

C. The way that dolphins store air while swimming underwater.

D. The meanings of different signals used by dolphins.

在A選項(xiàng)中我們看到了anatomy一詞，符合我們的判斷，可以先行選擇。

或者更保險(xiǎn)的方式我們來看一下原文

We have been talking about (過去)how sea animals find their way underwater, how they navigate, and this brings up an interesting puzzle, and one I'm sure you'll all enjoy. I mean, everybody loves dolphins, right?

And dolphins, well, they actually produce two types of sounds. Uh, one being the vocalizations you are probably all familiar with, which they emit through their blowholes. But the one we are concerned with today (現(xiàn)在)is the rapid clicks that they use for echolocation, so they can sense what is around them. These sounds, it has been found, are produced in the air-filled nasal sacs of the dolphin.

但是我們今天關(guān)心是快速點(diǎn)擊他們使用回聲定位,所以他們可以感知周圍。據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些聲音是由海豚充滿空氣的鼻囊發(fā)出的。說明了回聲定位可能會涉及的體部位。確定答案為A

第二題

2 Why does the professor discuss the speed at which sound travels?

A. To describe why sounds made under water can travel long distances.

B. To show why a person cannot hear a dolphin well when it is under water.

C. To compare the speed of two different sounds made by dolphins.

D. To explain how sound waves behave when crossing from one medium into another.

功能題

原文And the puzzle is (翻譯為問題是。這句話揭示后面應(yīng)有問題與解釋。解答問題的部分為考點(diǎn))how do the click sounds get transmitted into water. It's not as easy as it might seem.(這部分為問題)

You see, (開始解答)the denser the medium, the faster sound travels. So sound travels faster through water than it does through air.

你看，介質(zhì)越密集，聲音傳播得就越快。所以聲音在水中傳播的速度比在空氣中快。選擇D選項(xiàng)

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