雅思寫作之萬能素材，合理運(yùn)用作文高分不是夢(mèng)

今天要聊的話題是雅思寫作中以一敵百的萬能武器——素材。乍一看這個(gè)標(biāo)題，有點(diǎn)浮夸，但不看到最后你就輸了。

首先，請(qǐng)大家閉上眼睛默默思考以下問題。什么是素材？素材有什么用？素材怎么用？素材哪里有？接下來，以2008-2018這十年收錄的所有真題為例，我將具體給大家展示雅思大作文中的法律類——這個(gè)談（shi）虎(fen)色(jian)變(dan)的話題。

1、Part 1 考什么

重點(diǎn)范圍

青少年犯罪

(1) What are reasons for and solutions to juvenile delinquency?

(2) Should young adults who commit crimes be treated equally with adults?

考題例子

In some countries, a high proportion of criminal acts are committed by teenagers. Why has this happened? What can be done to deal with this?（2009.11.7，2010.8.5，2014.8.2，2015.6.18）

Young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（2013.11.9，2015.4.25，2017.5.6）

懲罰措施

(3) What is the most common solution to crime?

(4) Can better education prevent people from becoming criminals?

(5) Should young criminals be sent to jails?

考題例子

Some people think all lawbreakers should be put into prison, while others believe that there are better alternatives. Discuss and give your opinion.

( 2008.1.12，2009.9.17，2010.8.5，2013.2.16，2014.8.2，2016.1.14)

It is shown that many criminals have a low level of education. some people believe that the best way to reduce crime is to educate them in prison so that they can find a job after they leave prison. To what extent do you agree？

(2008.9.18， 2009.9.17，2012.5.12，2018.7.28，2018.11.3)

Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree?（2015.8.8）

犯罪是否無法避免

(6) Can crimes be prevented?

考題例子

Many people are afraid to leave their homes because of their fear of crime. Some people believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crime, but others feel that little can be done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(2009.12.19，2012.11.3，2015.09. 03)

次要范圍

武器的影響

(7) Can a police force with guns reduce the level of crime?

考題例子

Some people believe that if a police force carries a gun， it will encourage higher levels of violence in the whole society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（2011.8.20，2014.6.7）

監(jiān)獄功能

(8) Will criminals commit crimes again after they are set free from prison?

考題例子

After criminals are set free， some of them continue to commit crimes. Why do you think this is the case? Provide solutions.（2009.6.13）

媒體報(bào)道的影響

(9) Why do people feel unsafe either at home or out?

考題例子

Detailed description of crimes on newspaper and TV can have bad consequences on society, so this kind of information should be restricted on media. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?（2008.8.16，2016.10.22，2017.5.20，2017.5.25）

People do not feel safe either when they are at home or when they go out. Why is the case? What can we do to reduce this problem?（2015.6.27）

先天與后天因素

(10) Are most crimes caused by people who are bad by nature?

考題例子

Some people think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Others believe that most crime is caused by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(2014.11.8)

2、Part2 思考維度

(1)What are the internal and external factors for juvenile delinquency?

(2) Will juveniles imitate what they see and hear on mass media?

(3)What is the result when teenagers are addicted to computer games?

(4)What is the influence of families on children?

(5)Should exam-oriented education be responsible for juvenile delinquency?

(6) What is the influence from peers?

(7) Is censorship useful to reduce the crime rate?

(8) Do criminals realize their faults after they are set free?

(9) Do education and job training serve to solve criminal acts?

(10) Do guns have deterring effect on potential criminals?

An Illustration思考維度

青少年犯罪( juvenile delinquency)的原因是多方面的。首先由于青少年自身心智不成熟(mentally immature)，有時(shí)不能做出正確判斷(distinguish right from wrong)。有時(shí)候家長太忙于工作而無暇顧及孩子(pay little attention to their children)，導(dǎo)致孩子交上了不良朋友(be in bad company)。有些家長對(duì)孩子過于嚴(yán)厲，給孩子施加太大壓力(impose too much pressure on children)而使得孩子變得叛逆(become rebellious)，甚至做出一些違法的事情(do things against the law)來主張自己(assert themselves)。從外部環(huán)境來看,大眾媒體上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)暴力場(chǎng)景(scenes of violence)，由于經(jīng)常接觸到這些場(chǎng)景(frequent exposure to these scenes)，青少年容易將暴力看作是處理沖突的常見途徑(regard violence as a normal means to solve conflicts)。

防止青少年犯罪的措施很多元的（diversified）。首先，學(xué)校教育(school education)提供孩子們基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)知（traditional beliefs）。其次，大眾傳媒（mass media）應(yīng)該得到政府權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)（government authorities）的有效監(jiān)管(control and supervision)。除此之外，家長的引導(dǎo)（parental guidance）有利于建立良好的道德修養(yǎng)（moral self-cultivation）。再次，懲罰（punishment）青少年不能太仁慈（lenient），從而起到威懾作用（have a better deterring effect）。

這樣，我們是否部分解決了“考什么1、2、3、4、5、6、9、10”?

再看以下一些雅思考題,是否心中有部分答案了？

In many parts of the world， children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this happening? How these children or teenagers should be punished (2009.11.7，2010.8.5，2014.8.2)

People are afraid to leave homes for fear of crimes. Some people believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crimes while others think that little could be done. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.( 2009.12.19，2012.11.3，2015. 9.3)

3、Part3 真題寫作

2017年5月6日真題

Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a robbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.

1、審題

本題把young people和adults進(jìn)行比較，可見young people在此指的是未滿18歲的青少年。這樣可以去比較兩類人群的不同特點(diǎn),從而傾向于對(duì)年輕人要從輕處理。另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞是serious，該詞凸顯了罪行的嚴(yán)重性，可以基于這一點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)懲罰不應(yīng)看年齡。所以該題的觀點(diǎn)傾向于單邊比較好。單邊觀點(diǎn)的好處是立場(chǎng)鮮明，容易讓考官看懂，但缺點(diǎn)是觀點(diǎn)數(shù)量的減少意味著論據(jù)必須要充分。雖然不是雙邊討論類，但是依舊可以在主體段的第二段先講一個(gè)反方觀點(diǎn)，分析反方觀點(diǎn),再把它反駁掉。

2、構(gòu)思

Agree：從serious crimes出發(fā)，可以從例子 a robbery和a violent attack出發(fā),強(qiáng)調(diào)這些罪行給個(gè)人、家庭和社會(huì)造成巨大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和人身傷害。也可以從現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)出發(fā),強(qiáng)調(diào)青少年犯罪率在上升，如果不加重懲罰,起不到威懾作用。

Disagree：從young people本身的特點(diǎn)出發(fā),強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的心智不成熟，他們的犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)多是由于外部原因影響，或由于家庭的疏忽從而走上犯罪道路，應(yīng)該給予他們更多的機(jī)會(huì)重新悔過。

注意：在實(shí)際寫作中選其中一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)即可。

3、組織

在此，選擇 agree這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。

Outline：

Paragraph 1：題目改寫+觀點(diǎn)（同意）

Paragraph 2：量刑的依據(jù)應(yīng)該看罪行本身

√支持細(xì)節(jié)1：搶劫這樣的惡性事件給受害者帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,如果是搶銀行,則會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成巨大損失

√支持細(xì)節(jié)2：暴力襲擊會(huì)造成傷亡,對(duì)受害者及受害者家庭帶來巨大的傷害,甚至?xí)�傷及無辜,造成恐慌

Paragraph3：對(duì)年輕人從輕處理是不當(dāng)?shù)模�駁斥段）

√支持細(xì)節(jié)1：（反方理由）年輕人是由于不成熟才走上犯罪道路的

√支持細(xì)節(jié)2：（正方觀點(diǎn)）法律面前人人平等

√支持細(xì)節(jié)3：（正方觀點(diǎn)）近幾年青少年犯罪率上升,如果從輕處理則不利于遏制這個(gè)趨勢(shì)

Paragraph4：重申觀點(diǎn)

4、首段落寫作

Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a robbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

題目改寫：

In modern days, it is no longer rare to see teenagers commit severe crimes including robberies and violent attacks. Therefore, I believe they should receive equal punishment as adults.

5、主體段寫作

Paragraph2：量刑的依據(jù)應(yīng)該看罪行本身

√支持細(xì)節(jié)1：搶劫這樣的惡性事件給受害者帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,如果是搶銀行則會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成巨大損失

√支持細(xì)節(jié)2：暴力襲擊會(huì)造成傷亡,對(duì)受害者及受害者家庭帶來巨大的傷害,甚至?xí)�傷及無辜,造成恐慌

現(xiàn)在將Paragraph2的支持細(xì)節(jié)2分解一下,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這里是因果關(guān)系

在表達(dá)這層關(guān)系時(shí)可以靈活使用因果關(guān)系的銜接手段,也可以用上定語從句或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。

Voilent attacks will lead to injuries or even death, which makes victims and their families suffer both physically and psychologically. Or even worse, some passers-by will be injured, giving rise to great panic.

Paragraph3：對(duì)年輕人從輕處理是不當(dāng)?shù)模�駁斥段）

√支持細(xì)節(jié)1：(反方理由)年輕人是由于不成熟才走上犯罪道路的

√支持細(xì)節(jié)2：(正方觀點(diǎn))法律面前人人平等

√支持細(xì)節(jié)3：(正方觀點(diǎn))近幾年青少年犯罪率上升,如果從輕處理則不利于遏制這個(gè)趨勢(shì)

Paragraph3是駁斥段,含有讓步成分。

Sample(參考素材庫):

I believe it is improper to be lenient with the young people who committed serious crime（主題句）. Despite some voices that many youths do things against the law because they are mentally immature, it should not become an excuse for them to get away with their offences. Law should be respected by everyone（支持細(xì)節(jié)1）.And punishment should be fair no matter the offender is above or under 18. My second argument is that the past years have seen an ongoing rise in the crime rate among teenagers（支持細(xì)節(jié)2）. This trend would not be different way as we do to adults. That is to say, a sentence to imprisonment has a better deterring effect than making a young offender do some compulsory community service.

6、結(jié)尾段寫作

Paragraph4：重申觀點(diǎn)

In summary, anyone who commits a severe crime, no matter how old he is, should receive corresponding punishment. This serves as a useful warning for all and guarantees social justice.

以上，說了這么多，不如任選一篇，動(dòng)動(dòng)手吧。想要完整素材庫的同學(xué)，也歡迎來和我多多交流。