而且,小編注意到,大家平時對于閱讀題型的分類更加看重,忽視了文章話題,這就有點本末倒置。要知道,文章是我們獲取信息的關(guān)鍵,先搞懂文章才能做題,因此我們的重點應(yīng)當(dāng)是從閱讀文章上出發(fā),那么,常考題型有哪些呢
眼看它文章茫茫,眼看它長難句多多,眼看我分就這么沒了。
閱讀最惱人的問題是什么?長難句、長文章、還是題太難?都是!但綜合起來,最難的還是文章話題,遇上熟練的話題還好說,能輕松搞定;但遇上難纏的話題,頭都得撓禿。就近兩年比較流行的“社會類”話題文章來說,不少同學(xué)都不太熟悉,導(dǎo)致一旦考試中這類文章占比過高,大家整體閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)就會下降。
而且,小編注意到,大家平時對于閱讀題型的分類更加看重,忽視了文章話題,這就有點本末倒置。要知道,文章是我們獲取信息的關(guān)鍵,先搞懂文章才能做題,因此我們的重點應(yīng)當(dāng)是從閱讀文章上出發(fā),那么,?碱}型有哪些呢?
這里分自然科學(xué)、生物科學(xué)和社會科學(xué)三大類,每種話題下再細(xì)分,還有推薦練習(xí)材料,大家趕緊收藏!
自然科學(xué)
這一類話題包括地質(zhì)學(xué)、天文學(xué)等,經(jīng)常會考到如冰川、火星、化石等內(nèi)容,不過這個話題因為比較生僻,一直以來都被托福考試拿來當(dāng)做為難考生的文章。這類文章即使是看中文也往往很難理解,因此考生的答題正確率和完成度都是明顯較低的。
因此,小編還是希望大家能夠重點積累話題相關(guān)的詞匯,以提升對文章的理解能力。
常見詞匯:volcano火山,layer巖層,karst喀斯特地形,permeable可滲透,meteo隕石,asteroid小行星等等。
當(dāng)然,光積累詞匯作用不大,還是得有針對性練習(xí),話題分類和推薦練習(xí)材料如下:
一、地質(zhì)學(xué)
冰川類
1 OG:green Icebergs
2 TPO 15:Glacier Formation
3 TPO 19:Discovering The Ice Ages
地質(zhì)類
1 OG:Geology and Landscape
2 TPO 01:Groundwater
3 TPO 03:Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer
4 TPO 12:Water in The Desert
5 TPO 21:Geothermal Energy
6 TPO 24:Lake Water
7 TPO 28-1:Groundwater
8 TPO 27-2:The Formation of Volcanic Islands
二、天文學(xué)
火星類
1 TPO 08:Running Water On Mars
2 TPO 25:The Surface of Mars
其他行星類
1 TPO 16:Planets in Our Solar System
2 TPO 22:The Allende Meteorite
生物科學(xué)
這一大類話題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),在閱讀部分的占比也很大,其中涉及到瀕危動物保護(hù)、環(huán)境問題等。由于是托福閱讀話題中的?荚掝},所以大家應(yīng)該對此也最為熟練。
但這個話題對應(yīng)的詞匯還是需要好好積累,比如unpredictable無法預(yù)測的,range幅度,extinction滅絕,endangered瀕危,tropical熱帶,jungle叢林,equatorial赤道等等。
練習(xí)配套材料如下:
一、植物學(xué)
1 Sample:Opportunity and Competitors
2 TPO 01:Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
3 TPO 05:Minerals and Plants
4 TPO 09:The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii
5 TPO 22:Spartina
6 TPO 25:The Evolutionary Origin of Plants
7 TPO 32:Plant Colonization
二、動物學(xué)
動物特點
1 OG:Swimming Machines
2 OG:Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores
3 TPO 04:Deer Population of The Puget Sound
4 TPO 13:Biological Clock
5 TPO 15:A Warm-blooded Turtle
6 TPO 17-3:Symbiotic Relationship
7 TPO 32:Distribution of Tropical Bee Colonies
動物變化
1 TPO 05:The Cambrian Explosion
2 TPO 08:Extinction of The Dinosaurs
3 TPO 15:Mass Extinctions
4 TPO 31-1: Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations
5 TPO 30-2: The Pace of Evolutionary Change
6 TPO 33: Extinction Episodes of the past
動物行為
1 TPO 02:The Origins of Cetaceans
2 TPO 11:Begging by Nestlings
3 TPO 11:Orientation and Navigation
4 TPO 17:Ani mal Signals in The Rain Forest
5 TPO 30-1 Role of Play in Development
6 TPO 29-2:Competition
7 TPO 28-3:Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
8 TPO 27-3:Predator-Prey Cycles
三、生態(tài)/環(huán)境/能源
1 TPO 03:The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems
2 TPO 10:Variations in The Climate
3 TPO 19:Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems
4 TPO 23:Urban Climates
5 TPO 26:Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions
6 TPO 29-3:The History of Waterpower
7 TPO 31-3: Savanna Formation
社會科學(xué)
這個話題最近幾年也是越來越多,各類文章層出不窮。特別是涉及到歷史的話題,具體文章內(nèi)容實在太多,比如人類文化變遷,古代人類生活習(xí)慣等等。一旦出現(xiàn)這種話題,很多相關(guān)詞匯也常會讓大家覺得頭疼,畢竟對這類話題感興趣的同學(xué)應(yīng)該是沒幾個。
常見詞匯:relics遺跡,remains遺跡,mausoleum陵墓,handicraft工藝品,territorial領(lǐng)土,civilization文明。
練習(xí)材料對應(yīng)如下:
一、藝術(shù)繪畫/雕塑/陶瓷
1 OG:Applied Arts and Fine Arts
2 TPO 04:Cave Art in Europe
3 TPO 10:Chinese Pottery
4 TPO 11:Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
5 TPO 23:Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines
6 TPO 29-1:Characteristics of Roman Pottery
7 TPO 27-1:Crafts in the Ancient near East
二、人類歷史/考古學(xué)/工業(yè)化介紹
1 OG:Artisans and Industrialization
2 TPO 06:Powering The Industrial Revolution
3 TPO 18:Industrialization in The Netherlands and Scandinavia
4 TPO 26:Energy and the Industrial Revolution
5 TPO 30-3: The Invention of the Mechanical Clock
6 TPO 32:Siam, 1851-1910
7 TPO 33:The first civilization
8 TPO 33:Railroads and Commercial Agricuture
貿(mào)易/經(jīng)濟(jì)介紹
1 TPO 10:Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth
2 TPO 14:Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia
3 TPO 16:Trade and The Ancient Middle East
4 TPO 17:Europe’s Early Sea Trade with Asia
5 TPO 25:The Decline of Venetian Shipping
農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展
1 TPO 07:Agriculture, Iron, and The Bantu Peoples
2 TPO 21:The Origins of Agriculture
3 TPO 23:Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture
國家/城市特點
1 OG:Nineteenth-Century Politics in The United States
2 TPO 07-2:Ancient Rome and Greece
3 TPO 08:The Rise of Teotihuacan
4 TPO 14:Maya Water Problems
5 TPO 19:The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain
6 TPO 26:Sumer and The First Cities of The Ancient Near East
人口變化特點
1 TPO 05:The Origins of The Pacific Island People
2 TPO 09:Colonizing The Americas Via The Northwest Coast
3 TPO 20:Westward Migration
4 TPO 20:Early Settlement in The Southwest Asia
5 TPO 24:Moving into Pueblos
6 TPO 28-2: Early Saharan Pastoralists
三、心理/生理學(xué)
1 OG:Aggression
2 OG:The Expression of Emotion
3 TPO06:Infantile Amnesia
4 TPO 13:Methods of Studying Infant Perception
5 TPO 18:The Mystery of Yawning
6 TPO 21:Autobiographical Memory
7 TPO 24:Breathing During Sleep
四、社會學(xué)/教育
1 TPO 09:Reflection in Teaching
2 TPO 13:Types of Social Groups
3 TPO 14:Children and Advertising
4 TPO 31-2: Early Children Education
其他學(xué)科類/人物小傳
1 OG:Loie Fuller
2 TPO 06:William Smith
3 TPO 16:Development of The Periodic Table
4 TPO 12:Which Hand Did They Use?
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