托福2018年12月24日考試預(yù)測(cè)

聽(tīng)力：

一.女生問(wèn)學(xué)校維修部門(mén)要換電燈炮順便想把壞掉的電燈泡據(jù)為己有，因?yàn)橄肱獊?lái)裝飾自己boring的雕塑，管理員說(shuō)可以順便推銷(xiāo)堆在那里的廢鐵廢木頭，還說(shuō)自己以前也學(xué)過(guò)藝術(shù)，可以給建議。女生又說(shuō)要為自己的囯際象棋俱樂(lè)部要做個(gè)花車(chē)參加游行，要用可循環(huán)材料 管理員繼續(xù)推銷(xiāo)說(shuō)過(guò)幾天學(xué)�？硺�(shù)，很多爛木頭。

二.訂禮堂。走來(lái)問(wèn)禮堂有沒(méi)有訂好，知道最近電腦出問(wèn)題了。然后換了教室定，所以沒(méi)訂上(一開(kāi)始還說(shuō)可能表格丟了。因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)人訂，所以有可能認(rèn)為訂重復(fù)了)。學(xué)生要周五上午，下午要芝加哥什么的。職員給他定了另一個(gè)地方的， 雖小，但可以容納40人了(符合要求)。 學(xué)生還問(wèn)要不要回來(lái)幫忙修電腦。

三.找老師詢(xún)問(wèn)課堂中老師提到過(guò)的美國(guó)午餐的來(lái)歷，以前晚餐是最重要的，沒(méi)有午餐，后來(lái)工人中午會(huì)餓，沒(méi)法回家吃飯，就有了午餐。

四.鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙。第一個(gè)理論：sun navigation. 鳥(niǎo)兒根據(jù)太陽(yáng)來(lái)辨別方向;第二個(gè)理論:magnet 地球磁場(chǎng);第三個(gè)理論：scent-map 氣味地圖。鳥(niǎo)兒能識(shí)別目的地的氣味，還有路上的地標(biāo)的氣味，以此來(lái)辨別方向。教授評(píng)價(jià)：前兩個(gè)理論的缺陷是不能說(shuō)明鳥(niǎo)兒怎么知道具體的current position;第三個(gè)理論有實(shí)驗(yàn)和證據(jù)證明，但是科學(xué)家還有些doubt未解決。

五.教授講古代的黃銅日歷，主要是象征性使用，比如一個(gè)圖畫(huà)了星星月亮太陽(yáng)，但是不完全和天空上實(shí)際的位置對(duì)應(yīng)，然后講了月亮和7個(gè)circle可能與lunar歷有關(guān)，因?yàn)閘ung calendar短，所以會(huì)多的一個(gè)月。

六.教授講羅馬城邦水系統(tǒng)。第一部分大致講為了給多人口城邦供水的地下管道(防被投毒是被藏起來(lái)的)第二部分有配圖是地.上的壩之類(lèi)的東西講它調(diào)控水位之類(lèi)。

閱讀：

一.介紹Mammoths(猛犸象)生活的時(shí)間，和滅絕的時(shí)間。猛犸象生活照距今180萬(wàn)年到1.1萬(wàn)年期間的更新世(Pleistocene)。在距今1.1萬(wàn)年的時(shí)候，基本滅絕。滅絕原因是氣候變化。氣候滅絕理論認(rèn)為距今1.3萬(wàn)年-1萬(wàn)年的時(shí)候，氣溫上升了6℃，夏天變的更長(zhǎng)更熱，冬天變得更長(zhǎng)更冷。溫和氣候時(shí)間持續(xù)較短。這就影響了食草動(dòng)物們的食物，也即是植被的生長(zhǎng)。該理論模型認(rèn)為，如果猛犸象常常食用三種類(lèi)型的食物A, B, C，氣候變化后，會(huì)使得這幾種植物生長(zhǎng)地理位置發(fā)生變化，不再生長(zhǎng)在同一處區(qū)域。猛犸象即使隨著水草遷徙。因?yàn)槊歪锵筚?lài)以生存的植被生長(zhǎng)區(qū)的變化，導(dǎo)致猛犸象不再像以前一樣能獲得足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，導(dǎo)致猛犸象題型變小，數(shù)量減少。同時(shí)，因?yàn)橹脖粚?dǎo)致了猛犸象的遷徙，使得猛犸象的種群數(shù)量被隔離成很小的種群，不同種群之間無(wú)法繁殖。小種群內(nèi)部的繁殖導(dǎo)致基因質(zhì)量越來(lái)越差，最終滅絕。舉例證明，生活在歐亞大陸的猛犸象就符合上面給出的氣候滅絕理論模型。對(duì)猛犸象食用的植物減少，營(yíng)養(yǎng)降低導(dǎo)致猛犸象滅絕的理論的提出質(zhì)疑。因?yàn)�，雖然氣候變化，但北美地區(qū)的哥倫比亞猛犸象能夠很容易遷徙到附近160公里的水草豐美的地方，但是哥倫比亞猛犸象還是滅絕了。對(duì)氣候變化導(dǎo)致滅絕提出質(zhì)疑，提到猛犸象生活的更新世Pleistocene，至少有個(gè)22詞較大的氣候周期變化，之前的氣候變化都沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致猛犸象滅絕，這一次滅絕了，理論站不住腳。

二.人類(lèi)最早定居北美的時(shí)間存在爭(zhēng)議，最終伴隨著一種人制石刃工具F points在野牛肋骨間的發(fā)現(xiàn)，確認(rèn)了人類(lèi)北美定居時(shí)間至少一萬(wàn)年前(因?yàn)樵撘芭Ｓ谝蝗f(wàn)年前滅絕)。后來(lái)在Clovis又發(fā)現(xiàn)比F points還要古老的石刃工具，被稱(chēng)為Clovis points，有人認(rèn)為Clovis points的使用者就是首次出現(xiàn)在北美大陸上的人類(lèi)，但也有人對(duì)此持反對(duì)態(tài)度。

“Clovis人是首批出現(xiàn)在北美的人”的支持者要求該理論的反對(duì)者去尋找證據(jù)，證明在Clovis人之前也有人類(lèi)定居，但這樣的證據(jù)很少;不過(guò)證據(jù)少不能證明這樣的事情就沒(méi)有發(fā)生，Clovis First理論的反對(duì)者由此解釋說(shuō)可能是因?yàn)樽钤绲竭_(dá)北美的人類(lèi)為數(shù)太少因此沒(méi)有留下太多證據(jù)。

關(guān)于Clovis First理論(Clovis人是首批到達(dá)北美的人)的一個(gè)新近爭(zhēng)議來(lái)自歐亞大陸S文化的發(fā)現(xiàn)，S文化所用的石刃工具很像Clovis的石刃工具，但S文化比Clovis早了幾千年，有可能是這些S文化的人在大西洋出海捕獵最終到達(dá)了北美東北海岸。

三.首段：介紹美國(guó)編舞家的一些背景以及成就

第二段：提到他自己的理念 如何保證有創(chuàng)造性，在跳舞前會(huì)準(zhǔn)備很多一系列的舞蹈組合動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)作要比他真正在表演時(shí)跳的動(dòng)作多出很多，這樣他就可以在舞臺(tái)上隨意的把不同的動(dòng)作自由的組合，這不同于即興的表演或者是臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮，而是一種所謂的chance，利用這個(gè)理念他就可以每一次都會(huì)帶給觀眾不同的表演感受并且這些都可以保證合理的品質(zhì)。

第三段：講述在他的舞蹈中舞臺(tái)的使用跟其他人有很大的區(qū)別，別人可能僅僅利用舞臺(tái)中央的部分，但是他會(huì)同時(shí)在舞臺(tái)的各個(gè)角落都安排舞者跳舞，這樣觀眾可以自由的漫游在不同的舞臺(tái)部分來(lái)欣賞各種組合帶來(lái)的感官體驗(yàn)，這樣就可以達(dá)到一種渾然天成的組合。

第四段：在他的舞蹈中還有一個(gè)重要的理念就是events，意思是雖然音樂(lè) 布景以及舞者的動(dòng)作都是獨(dú)立的，但是當(dāng)我們變換不同的背景和音樂(lè)之后，舞者仍然可以配合動(dòng)作表現(xiàn)天然的一致性來(lái)愉悅觀眾

四. 提到嬰兒時(shí)期pretend play的幾個(gè)發(fā)展階段以及pretend play的好處。發(fā)展階段從單純的玩到模仿玩具在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的作用(用玩具電話(huà)做打電話(huà)的作用)，再到無(wú)實(shí)物模仿(沒(méi)有玩具電話(huà)，大人假裝給嬰兒打電話(huà)嬰兒也會(huì)回應(yīng))，再到模仿社會(huì)中的角色(爸爸媽媽。托兒所老師)，好處一：social communicate;二，更善于處理不好的情緒和矛盾。

寫(xiě)作：

1.Many university students are encouraged to study in majors which are more needed in the job market, like science, technology, engineering, math. What is your opinion about students choosing those majors instead of what they are interested in?

I disagree

1. It is difficult to forecast the availability of jobs in the job markets years later.(很難預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)現(xiàn)在熱門(mén)是否若干年后繼續(xù)熱門(mén)。即使專(zhuān)業(yè)的熱門(mén)程度可以預(yù)測(cè)，太多的人涌入到幾個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)會(huì)導(dǎo)致人才的飽和甚至過(guò)剩)

2. Majors with interests and talents promote students’ academic progress, which would contribute to their final success.(With interest and talents, students may be more enthusiastic with their academic study and will achieve more within that field, for what they are engaged in are just what they enjoy. And talents will play a crucial role during the study process, assisting students to have a deeper understanding and exploration of the field.)

2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smart phones, video games for fun and entertainment. Playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for children’s development.

I agree

1. Relying too much on the technology distracts students from their academic study.(很多學(xué)生沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)或電腦游戲，不愿意好好學(xué)習(xí)，課后也不愿意按時(shí)完成作業(yè))

2. Playing simpler toys and playing outside contribute to students health.(玩一些簡(jiǎn)單的玩具可以培養(yǎng)孩子的創(chuàng)造力;外出游戲有助于孩子的身體健康)

3.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Parents should not express their disagreements to the teacher if parents find the teaching method incorrect.

I agree

1. Teachers have more experience and professional expertise to decide the way to educate students.(老師從事教學(xué)工作很多年，已經(jīng)積累了很多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并且他們會(huì)使用一些新的教學(xué)方式來(lái)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生;而家長(zhǎng)往往沒(méi)有這方面的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，他們對(duì)于老師的教學(xué)方法判定往往是不準(zhǔn)確的)

2. Parents may not have a good understanding of students’ academic performance as teachers.(老師往往會(huì)根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際學(xué)習(xí)情況和基礎(chǔ)調(diào)整教學(xué)內(nèi)容和教學(xué)方法，這樣才能夠有針對(duì)性地幫助學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī);而家長(zhǎng)往往忙于工作，他們對(duì)于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)情況的了解往往不夠，不能給出有效的建議)

口語(yǔ)：

Task 1

1. Computer technology has influenced student’s study in various ways. Give examples to illustrate the advantage that a computer helps in your study。

Well, I cannot agree more that computer has made our study much easier and more efficiently. Actually, when I do research, I can just type in the key words of the topic that I am researching, and then the next moment I know, there are millions of sources showing up on the screen, and I can use whichever I need to. It is so instant and convenient, and most of the sources are free. Additionally, I can use lots of software on the computer to help to study more efficiently, like, recently, I am preparing the TOEFL exam, I can just use a dictionary on the computer to check the unfamiliar words, it's far more effective than using a traditional dictionary.

2. Describe an event or celebration you attend recently. Why people have a good time together?

Well, last week, a bunch of my colleagues and I went fishing in a state park. We drove to the park around 6 o'clock in the afternoon. and then set up the fishing pole and began to fish. it was very quiet and the air was very fresh, the water was super crystal. it was very enjoyable. we were very lucky that today and scored lots of fish. and then we set up the grill and baked the fish on the grill. it was very delicious. Everybody there had a wonderful time.

3. Which of the following brings you more pleasure? Spend time with friends, study by yourself or doing sports? Explain why in details.

Personally, I would say I like to play sports, cuz there are actually lots of benefits, to begin with, one can socialize with their peers and make new friends. I also learned the importance of cooperation and responsibility when I am playing team sports, me and my teammate struggle together for a common goal, offer each other motivation along the way, and I feel that I care something bigger than myself during the game, and I think this is very meaningful. Additionally, I have to deal with disappointment when losing the game, and on other occasions I feel really confident and proud of myself when our team is winning the game.

4. Describe an important day in your life.

The most important day in my life was my college graduation day. I graduated from a prestigious university in the Unites States, but it was challenging for me. Four years before I graduated from college, the first time I set foot on the land of America, I felt so isolated and had tremendous language barriers. However, during my four years in college, I not only improved my English language proficiency, but also kept a high GPA and was on the dean's list every year. But, I know that this day does not come easily, it symbolizes the time and effort I put to get my diploma.

5. What do you think is the most important advancement over the past 20 years in your country? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why you think that is important.

I would say the most important advancement of my country in the higher education. For the past 20 years, the central government invested lots of money for university to renovate their facilities, like recreation center, library, and even dining halls. If you get a chance to go the recreation centers in a university, you are very likely to see lots of advanced equipment and facilities, some of which might have sauna and spa service, and apart from that the frequent exchanges of scholars with other famous professors and researchers around the world have helped improve Chinese scholars overall capability, and they can publish lots of papers in world class journals and have an impact in their field.

6. What the some important effects of worldwide availability of internet on modern people's life? Use specific details and examples to support your response.

Well, internet does have a big impact on people's lives, to begin with, it is a very convenient and fun way to buy stuff on-line, with just a click of the button, the next moment you know, your order is delivered right at your door. It is also easy to compare the prices offered by different on-line stores, the only thing you need to remember is that always to shop in a reputable on-line store. Plus, by signing up on a social network like facebook, MSN, and wechat, which is so popular in China, you can get to know more people. By sending text messages to your friends and family members whenever you want to, I think internet has brought people closer than ever, it makes communication so instant.

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