托福聽力lecture并列型分析，你學(xué)會了嗎？

 之前我們介紹了lecture的并列型結(jié)構(gòu)，一般是圍繞某一個主題并列平行展開去講解。這類結(jié)構(gòu)沒有之前我們見到的直線型結(jié)構(gòu)那么好區(qū)分，因?yàn)樗麤]有明顯的表示時間地點(diǎn)人物的信號詞，但是這種結(jié)構(gòu)類型是我們TPO和考試中出現(xiàn)的比較多的結(jié)構(gòu)類型。我們這次分析一篇按并列結(jié)構(gòu)分層的一篇文章

今天我們以TPO34-L2為例，給大家講解一下。

At the end of yesterday’s class, we were discussing landfills and the hundreds of millions of tons of everyday garbage which are deposited into them each year in the United States. It’s a growing problem! Quite simply, we are running out of space to put our garbage. And this is especially true for solid organic waste: food scraps from home or food processing plants, waste from farms, that sort of thing. Did you know that two thirds of the waste sitting in our landfills is organic material? We have government recycling programs for materials like plastics, glass and metal, yet widespread solutions for organic waste materials haven’t really been addressed in the United States. I think this is just asking for trouble in the future. 首先這篇文章先描述了上節(jié)課所講述的內(nèi)容，landfill這種垃圾處理的方式，并且詳細(xì)描述了這種方式的不足之處，從而引出后面的主題，一種新的垃圾處理的方法APS

So today I want to talk about a technology that offers a potential solution to the problem—Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion, or APS digestion.

First of all, what does anaerobic mean? Anyone?

Without oxygen?老師和學(xué)生以問答的形式開始討論今天的新內(nèi)容Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion，

Correct! APS digestion uses anaerobic bacteria, ones that thrive in the absence of oxygen, to consume, to break down organic material. 所謂的Anaerobic就是沒有氧氣，這種生詞的處理方式我們之前是講到很多遍的，不需要糾結(jié)生詞的字母意思，但是后面的解釋一定要聽清楚。

Excuse me. Professor. Um…those anaerobic bacteria you are talking about…well, aren’t anaerobic bacteria also used in waste water treatment plants?緊接著學(xué)生提出了疑問，這點(diǎn)非常重要相當(dāng)于指出了第二種處理垃圾的方式，這點(diǎn)是同學(xué)們很容易忽略掉的一點(diǎn)：以前曾經(jīng)用這種方式去處理廢水

Yes. They are. Would you like to explain this to the class?老師以問題的方式引出學(xué)生的回答

Sure! So when waste water is treated, one of the byproducts is a thick liquid called sludge. And aren’t anaerobic bacteria used to break down the sludge?

That’s right. Anaerobic bacteria have been used in waste water treatment for decades.

So how is this technology different?在這里很明顯的要講到這兩種方式的不同之處。并且將會在后面的信息中講到之前這種方式的缺點(diǎn)

But there was always a problem. 這里明確提出的缺點(diǎn)

In order to process the solid waste, the kind we find in landfills, you had to pretreat the solids to turn them into sludge.

First, by breaking the material apart mechanically into small particles and then adding a lot of water until you got a kind of thick, soupy mix that the equipment could handle. But that extra step took time and required a lot of energy. 后面的信息還是用到我們之前所說的列舉的方式舉出，這種方式不僅耗費(fèi)能量耗費(fèi)時間還會耗費(fèi)金錢，這個部分也在題目中有體現(xiàn)

That sounds like it would cost a lot.

That’s right. But APS digestion is designed specifically to handle solid waste. So it is much more cost-effective.

The new technology processes organic waste in two phases. Remember, APS stands for Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion. 這里就正事提了新的科技并且還是同樣按照列舉的方式解釋了他的兩個phase兩個階段，列舉的方式又再一次體現(xiàn)在了題目中

First, the waste material is loaded into a large, closed container, along with different types of anaerobic bacteria. The bacteria break the solids down into acids and hydrogen gas. The hydrogen is extracted and the remaining acids are transferred into a different container for the second phase of the process. There another type of bacteria converts the acids into methane gas. 在這里用頁數(shù)語氣的方式提出了跟之前的想法不同的新的內(nèi)容，所產(chǎn)生的methane甲烷其實(shí)是沒有害處的，因?yàn)樗�不會釋放那大氣中。同樣體現(xiàn)在了題目中。

Aren’t hydrogen and methane gas bad for the environment though?

The answer in this case is no, because they don’t escape into the atmosphere. The gases are captured and can be burned to produce electricity, which saves a lot of money and ultimately decreases our need for fuels like petroleum and coal, which are not only expensive but are also polluting.

So organic waste from landfills could be processed this way?文章的最后就講到了這種方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

It is certainly one possibility. And APS digestion systems are very versatile. They can be installed just about anywhere. See, anaerobic digestion systems used at waste water treatment plants are huge tanks that hold thousands of gallons of waste water. But the APS containers are small enough to be set up on site, where the waste is generated, like at food processing plants or on farms. So garbage doesn’t have to be transported long distances.這個部分的有點(diǎn)描述繼續(xù)以列舉的方法進(jìn)行描述：1.方便安裝2.不用長距離的運(yùn)輸廢品3.所產(chǎn)生的甲烷還可以去產(chǎn)生新的能源。

關(guān)于托福聽力lecture的文章案例解析就先跟同學(xué)們分享到這里，如果同學(xué)們對感興趣，請點(diǎn)擊此處咨詢詳情。當(dāng)然也提醒正在備考當(dāng)中的同學(xué)們，一定要記得在備考當(dāng)中，注意總結(jié)方法，而不是以為刷題，這樣復(fù)習(xí)效果會提升的快一些。