托福閱讀句子要點(diǎn)題如何把握邏輯關(guān)系？

今天小編為大家講講句子要點(diǎn)題如何把握邏輯關(guān)系，抓住同意詞替換，希望可以對(duì)大家有一定的幫助。

句子簡(jiǎn)化題的出題思路一般分為兩類：一是對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的化繁為簡(jiǎn)，即原句比較長(zhǎng)，邏輯關(guān)系復(fù)雜，選項(xiàng)只保留了原句的主要信息，而省略了原句的次要信息(如同位語、例子)等;二是對(duì)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的句子的同義改寫，即原句難度不大，邏輯關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)單，選項(xiàng)是原句的同義改寫。

托福閱讀句子要點(diǎn)題又稱托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題，顧名思義是對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的簡(jiǎn)化篩出句子最精華的要點(diǎn)，一般出題形式是在文章中高亮標(biāo)示出一個(gè)句子，要求考生選擇與原文基本信息最接近的選項(xiàng)，這類題目的提問方式一般為：“Which is the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.”

托福閱讀句子要點(diǎn)題：把握邏輯關(guān)系穩(wěn)抓同義替換

句子簡(jiǎn)化題的出題思路一般分為兩類：一是對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的化繁為簡(jiǎn)，即原句比較長(zhǎng)，邏輯關(guān)系復(fù)雜，選項(xiàng)只保留了原句的主要信息，而省略了原句的次要信息(如同位語、例子)等;二是對(duì)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的句子的同義改寫，即原句難度不大，邏輯關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)單，選項(xiàng)是原句的同義改寫。從做題方法上來說，對(duì)于第二種出題思路的題目，考生應(yīng)該采用通讀的辦法，在理解原句意思的基礎(chǔ)上再答題。而針對(duì)第一種出題思路的題目，考生一般把握住原句的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)就可以見微知著，找到破解句子簡(jiǎn)化題的良方。

對(duì)于句子簡(jiǎn)化題，有一些題目如果句子不長(zhǎng)，我們做題的基本原則就是：同義替換。找到原句中的關(guān)鍵詞在選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中進(jìn)行同義替換。如：

In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.

B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.

C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.

D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.

先來看題干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

該題要求從選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能夠表達(dá)原文陰影句子核心信息的句子。很多同學(xué)采用翻譯的方法做題，即首先翻譯原句，然后逐個(gè)翻譯四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。這種做法不僅浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且對(duì)我們讀句子的能力要求極高。更好的做法是，首先判斷句子的核心信息。這是考題當(dāng)中為數(shù)不多的原句比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子釋義題，原句的核心概念在于強(qiáng)調(diào)區(qū)分(apart from)。因此找到同義替換，即是C 項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的distinguished。但是大多數(shù)題目的原文不會(huì)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，多數(shù)是帶有邏輯關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句。那么簡(jiǎn)單的同義替換技巧就無法操作了。如何快速解決這種題型呢?我們主要分兩個(gè)部分來解析。

其實(shí)，我們?cè)谧x原句的時(shí)候并不需要完整的徹底的攝取信息，相反，我們通過快速瀏覽，只需要關(guān)注兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：一是原句當(dāng)中的表示程度，頻率的詞，二是原句當(dāng)中的邏輯關(guān)系。并不需要吸收所有信息，只需要快速瀏覽將所關(guān)注的信息點(diǎn)抓住即可，這樣便節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間。

還可以對(duì)比原句與選項(xiàng)，邏輯關(guān)系與原文一致者為正確選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比原句中出現(xiàn)的例子與選項(xiàng)，不包含例子內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。如：

The highlighted sentence: Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (TPO 14 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia)

A. Despite the fact that wealth is relatively evenly distributed in pastoral societies, gender inequality still exists because only men can acquire military skills and social status.

B. Inequalities of gender existed in pastoralist societies until most communities began to require women to possess the same skills as men and take part in the military.

C. Inequalities of gender in pastoralist societies were caused by steep hierarchies of wealth and differences in military training between men and women.

D. In pastoral societies, gender inequality is comparatively mild because wealth is relatively evenly distributed and women have to learn most of the same skills that men do.

很多考生看到原句中出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞but，就會(huì)想到用邏輯吻合的技巧來解答。由于英語中的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系與讓步關(guān)系可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，因而很多考生看到選項(xiàng)A出現(xiàn)的despite，會(huì)誤以為其是正確答案，掉入前面提到的在邏輯轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)題目設(shè)置的陷阱中。所以，考生在利用技巧一解題時(shí)，遇到邏輯吻合的選項(xiàng)后，一定要對(duì)比一下該選項(xiàng)與原句的主句意思是否一致。在本題中，原句主句的重點(diǎn)在but之后，即“they seem to have been softened”，而選項(xiàng)A的主句是“gender inequality still exists”，兩者的意思明顯不一致，因而A不是正確選項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，如果考生快速瀏覽原句，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)后面句子出現(xiàn)了舉例的標(biāo)志詞including，所舉的例子就是military skills。根據(jù)這個(gè)例子，考生可以暫且排除A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。然后再對(duì)比選項(xiàng)D與原句的意思是否一致，最后考生可以得出正確答案正是選項(xiàng)D。

最后我們來回顧一下ETS對(duì)句子簡(jiǎn)化題的出題要求，簡(jiǎn)單來說，托福閱讀句子要點(diǎn)題的關(guān)鍵就在于找到原文考查句子和選項(xiàng)各自的關(guān)鍵信息再進(jìn)行比對(duì)。一般來說題目中干擾選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：一是從根本上改變了原句意思，二是漏掉了原句中包含的重要信息。我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行托福閱讀句子要點(diǎn)題的備考時(shí)一定要注意結(jié)合方法技巧進(jìn)行有的放矢的真題訓(xùn)練并做好反思總結(jié)，循序漸進(jìn)提高對(duì)這類題型的應(yīng)對(duì)能力。

看完這些假如你還有疑問，不妨點(diǎn)擊下面圖標(biāo)，與在線教師單獨(dú)溝通↓↓

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