如何提高托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題的正確率？

考試中推斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題這兩類題目是考生比較容易混淆和做錯(cuò)的題目。大家在做這兩類的題目的時(shí)候要把握一定的解題技巧。下面我們來(lái)具體地分析一下這兩類題目。

一. 托福閱讀推斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題的異同

我們先來(lái)看看兩類題目的相同點(diǎn)，首先兩類題目都會(huì)涉及到原文內(nèi)容，都需要考生去原文中定位題目的相關(guān)信息，所以從做題的第一步來(lái)看，兩類題目比較相似。但是這兩類題目的做題方法卻不一樣。推斷題需要考生對(duì)文中信息總結(jié)分析，結(jié)合整篇文章的觀點(diǎn)找到最佳答案。細(xì)節(jié)題相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單一些，只要在原文中找到相應(yīng)內(nèi)容并且定位準(zhǔn)確，就能找到答案了。

二. 托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧

細(xì)節(jié)題也被稱為事實(shí)信息題，大家在做題的時(shí)候只需要在原文對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容中找答案就可以了，不需要結(jié)合上下文去分析。那么如何才能又快有準(zhǔn)確地做對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題呢?找關(guān)鍵詞!關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們迅速定位題目在原文中的位置。如果是一些直接以段落形式出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)題就不需要大家定位細(xì)節(jié)題選項(xiàng)位置，此時(shí)需要大家去對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和原文，快速找到段落中的同義句位置，篩選正確答案。給大家舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，托福TPO中一篇閱讀文章：

According to paragraph 1, all of the following characteristics of pine made it a desirable material for building in nineteenth-century America EXCEPT:

A. It was long lasting.

B. It was relatively easy to transport.

C. Its softness made it easy to work with.

D. It produced buildings that were especially attractive. 

大家在做這道題的時(shí)候，要注意大寫(xiě)的“EXCEPT”，也就是說(shuō)要找到不包含的信息，我們要迅速在文章第一段定位同義句。下面是TPO第54套第一段原文：

In nineteenth-century America, practically everything that was built involved wood. Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.It is durable and strong（A）, yet soft enough to be easily worked with even the simplest of hand tools（B）.It also floats nicely on water, which allowed it to be transported to distant markets across the nation(C). The central and northern reaches of the Great Lakes states—Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—all contained extensive pine forests as well as many large rivers for floating logs into the Great Lakes, from where they were transported nationwide.

迅速定位選項(xiàng)同義句以后，我們就能找到答案了，正確答案是D。大家要不要被“Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.”這句話迷惑了，仔細(xì)分析后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，它和D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的是完全不同的兩種意思。

三. 托福閱讀推斷題解題技巧

托福閱讀的推斷題比細(xì)節(jié)題更難一些，細(xì)節(jié)題只要找到原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的位置就可以了，但是推斷題卻需要大家結(jié)合文章主題做出正確推斷。我們先來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)怎么定義一道題是推斷題，其實(shí)推斷題往往題干中會(huì)包含“infer、suggest、imply、indicate”一些單詞。推斷題不僅需要快速定位，還需要大家能夠正確分析文中相關(guān)內(nèi)容，集合文章提供信息推理出合理選項(xiàng)。另外，推斷題還分為正向推斷和逆向推斷，正向推斷要找到相應(yīng)的句子關(guān)系，逆向推斷要找到相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，然后取反義。下面我們來(lái)看個(gè)具體的例子，仍然是以TPO54套第一篇閱讀為例，第四題為推斷題：

What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about timber in America before the year 1860?

A. Farmers of the American West earned most of their income by selling timber to newly arrived settlers.

B. Timber came primarily from farmers who wished to supplement their income.

C. Timber was much more expensive before the year 1860 because it was less readily available.

D. Timber came primarily from large manufacturing companies in the East.

題干中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了推斷題非常明顯的標(biāo)志“inferred from”，另外題干中已經(jīng)標(biāo)明在第二段，那么我們就從第二段中來(lái)看。此時(shí)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都要進(jìn)行具體的分析，A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文中“No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products.”所以農(nóng)民已經(jīng)不依靠銷(xiāo)售木料增加收入了，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)可以要通過(guò)逆向推斷來(lái)得知，原文中說(shuō)到“1870年農(nóng)民不再通過(guò)木質(zhì)產(chǎn)品增加收入”，所以可推斷出木材來(lái)源主要在于一些農(nóng)民想要增加收入。C和D選項(xiàng)通過(guò)與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)比也都不符合原文中的意思。C選項(xiàng)原文中并未提及，D選項(xiàng)與B沖突，故為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

托福閱讀題目中的推斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題需要大家返回托福閱讀原文中去尋找答案。細(xì)節(jié)題一定可以在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容，所以只要定位準(zhǔn)確肯定可以做對(duì);推理題要注意邏輯關(guān)系，通過(guò)文章提供的細(xì)節(jié)推斷出合理的答案，不僅要定位信息，還要對(duì)比推理。以上就是小編為大家?guī)��?lái)的托福閱讀解題解題技巧，希望對(duì)大家做題有所幫助。

看完這些假如你還有疑問(wèn)，不妨點(diǎn)擊下面圖標(biāo)，與在線教師單獨(dú)溝通↓↓

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