托福閱讀：長難句翻譯示例（二）

當(dāng)中，長難句是令很多同學(xué)都會頭疼的事，我們今天按照舊例給大家分享一篇關(guān)于翻譯的文章，希望能給大家的帶來幫助。

1. (Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamiclaw.)Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of thesovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewishpeople after the conquest of Israel)， the spirit of the legal matter in laterparts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud， one of theprimary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.盡管從歷史角度來看，在古代以色列作為獨(dú)立主權(quán)國家的猶太教法與大流散時(shí)期(Diaspora，即以色列被征服后古代猶太人被巴比倫人逐出故土)的猶太教法之間存在著一個明晰可辨的斷裂，然則，《舊約全書》(OldTestament)后半部分中法律內(nèi)容的精神與《猶太教法典》(Talmud)極為一脈相承，而所謂的《猶太教法典》，是指大流散時(shí)期猶太教法的主要典籍輯錄之一。

2. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms oflaw-notwithstanding，of course，a considerable and inevitable number ofcoincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positiveenactments are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciateadequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.伊斯蘭法是一種如此不同于所有其它法律形式的現(xiàn)象--毋庸置疑，盡管就其主要內(nèi)容和有積極意義的法規(guī)而言，與其它法律形式中的這種或那種形式存在著相當(dāng)數(shù)量的且不可避免的巧合相似之處--以致于對它進(jìn)行研究便顯得不可或缺，以便充分理解有可能存在的法律現(xiàn)象的全部范圍。

3. One such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes ofplants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' naturalconstitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants thegenes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants tobe hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence，(there is ) the intensifiedresearch on legumes.這其中的一個新穎思想就是，在植物的染色體(chromosome)內(nèi)注入并非是該植物自然構(gòu)造一個部分的那些不相關(guān)聯(lián)的因基：具體而言，這一思想是，在非豆科植物內(nèi)注入這樣一些基因，倘若這些基因可被辨識出來并被分離開來，而這些基因業(yè)已使豆科植物宜于充當(dāng)那些具備固氮作用的細(xì)菌的寄主。由此，對豆科植物的研究日趨深入。

4. Islam，on the other hand，represented a radical breakaway from the Arabpaganism that preceded it;Islamic law is the result of an examination, from areligious angle，(examination)of legal subject matter that was far fromuniform，comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-IslamicArabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of theconquered territories. 另一方面，伊斯蘭教則代表著與此前存在的阿拉伯異教(Arabpaganism)的一種根本上的決裂;伊斯蘭法是從宗教的角度，對各種雜亂無章、絕無共同點(diǎn)的法律內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考察所致的結(jié)果，而這些法律內(nèi)容實(shí)際上是由前伊斯蘭阿拉伯國家(Pre-IslamicArabia)法律的不盡相同的組成部分以及由從被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鑒過來的無數(shù)法律因素所構(gòu)成。 (as it did )實(shí)際上是一句插入語。

5. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties acrossinterfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of whichmolecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area that we have notyet explored thoroughly.但是，要想沿著原生和非原生物質(zhì)之間的界面獲取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某種知識，即什么樣的分子控制著細(xì)胞彼此間的結(jié)合--而對這一領(lǐng)域，我們尚未進(jìn)行充分的探索。

6. Its subject(to use Maynard Mack's categories)is "life-as-spectacle，"for readers, diverted by its various incidents，observe its hero Odysseusprimarily from without;the tragic Iliad，however，presents"life-as-experience"：readers are asked to identify with the mind ofAchilles，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.其主題〔若借鑒梅納德。邁克(MaynardMack)的兩個分類范疇的話〕是"人生作為外部景象"，因?yàn)樽x者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，主要是從外部來觀察其主人公奧德修斯(Odyssus)的;然而，富于悲劇色彩的《伊利亞特》所表現(xiàn)的則是"人生作為內(nèi)心體驗(yàn)"：讀者被要求與阿基琉斯(Achilles)的心靈產(chǎn)生共鳴，而其行為動機(jī)卻致使他變作一個并非特別惹人喜愛的主人公。(從分號后的語句推理出前面的意思)注：hero:主人公;without:外部;likable:有吸引力的

7. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfishis eye placement： before maturity one eye migrates，so that in an adult flatfishboth eyes are on the same side of the head.在一條成年比目魚身上顯著存在的諸多不對稱(asymmetry)特征中，最為吸人注目的是眼睛的擺位：在成年之前，一只眼睛發(fā)生移動，因此在成年比目魚身上，兩只眼睛均位于頭部的同一側(cè)面。

8. A critique of Handlin's interpretation of why legal slavery did notappear until the 1660's suggests that assumptions about the relation betweenslavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations forthe different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should beexpanded .一個對于H的關(guān)于為何法律上的奴隸制沒有在17世紀(jì)60年代以前出現(xiàn)的原因所作解釋的批評顯示，關(guān)于奴隸制和種族偏見之間的關(guān)系的假說應(yīng)當(dāng)重新檢查，而且顯示出，對于在北美和南美之間的對黑怒的不同處理的解釋應(yīng)當(dāng)被擴(kuò)展。

9. It is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogenin the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though theplants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.下述情形真可謂是自然界的一個莫大諷刺：土壤中所能獲得的氮肥量往往對植物的生長構(gòu)成了一個上限，雖然植物的葉子被沐浴在一片氮?dú)獾暮Ｑ笾小?/p>

10. Unless they succeed，the yield gains of the Green Revolution will belargely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter intoa symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated，and even if thetransfer of those gene complexes，once they are found， becomes possible.除非他們能取得成功，不然的話，綠色革命的產(chǎn)量收益將在很大程度上損失殆盡，即使豆科植物中使這些植物有條件進(jìn)入到與固氮細(xì)菌共生關(guān)系的基因可被辨識出來和分離開來的話，且即使這些基因綜合體(genecomplex)，一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，其移植得以成為可能的話。

當(dāng)中的長難句是少不了的，尤其是在閱讀部分，長難句很可能會影響大家對整篇文章的理解。所以小編在這里提醒大家，要苦練基本功，專心修內(nèi)功，只有自己的基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)了，遇到這種題才能不慌不亂，迎刃而解。當(dāng)然，我們新通教育也為答案及開設(shè)了課程，在我們的課程體系當(dāng)中能夠，大家在當(dāng)中遇到的問題我們都為大家設(shè)想到了，這樣大家可以在復(fù)習(xí)中少走彎路，早點(diǎn)取得理想的托福成績！

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