托福閱讀部分在托福考試當(dāng)中是重要的組成部分,因此同學(xué)們一定要主義對托福閱讀部分解題的訓(xùn)練。
今天韓夢子老師為大家?guī)淼氖莑ecture并列型分析。當(dāng)中,聽力lecture對相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)來說,會有一些困難。今天老師韓夢子為大家?guī)淼膌ecture解析相信可以給大家?guī)硪恍⿴椭?/p>
之前我們介紹了lecture的并列型結(jié)構(gòu),一般是圍繞某一個主題并列平行展開去講解。這類結(jié)構(gòu)沒有之前我們見到的直線型結(jié)構(gòu)那么好區(qū)分,因為他沒有明顯的表示時間地點人物的信號詞,但是這種結(jié)構(gòu)類型是我們TPO和考試中出現(xiàn)的比較多的結(jié)構(gòu)類型。我們這次分析一篇按并列結(jié)構(gòu)分層的一篇文章
今天我們以TPO33-L1為例,給大家講解一下。
The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt might be the most famous building in the world. We know exactly when it was built. Construction started in 2547 B.C.E., about 4500 years ago. We know who had it built. That was the pharaoh Khufu. We know who oversaw its construction—the pharaoh’s brother. We know so many things about it, but the funny thing is: we still don’t know exactly how it was built. 首先對文章的背景進(jìn)行介紹,主要講的是金字塔的相關(guān)信息。
This picture will give you an idea of the size of the Pyramid and the size of the blocks it’s made out of that. About two million stone blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid and they are incredibly massive. The average weight is two and a half tons. 金字塔的石塊是非常巨大的,平均的重量有2.5噸
The problem that has puzzled scholars for centuries is how were these blocks lifted up the height of this massive structure and then fit into place and without the benefit of modern technology. Of course, there’ve been a lot of theories over the centuries. 緊接著后面就講到我們研究的重點是金字塔到底是如何建造的,并且直接說出我們目前為止有一些理解可以解釋,之后就按照我們常見的列舉的方法進(jìn)行描述。
The oldest recorded one is by the Greek historian Herodotus. He visited Egypt around 450 B.C.E., when the Pyramid was already 2000 years old. His theory was that cranes were used, much like we use cranes today to construct tall buildings. And Herodotus may have seen Egyptians using cranes made of wood. But the problem with this theory has to do with simple mechanics. A crane needs a wide and sturdy base to stand on or it will fall over. Well, as you get toward the top of the Pyramid, there’s really no place for a crane to stand. The stone blocks are too narrow to provide a base. Well, so much for that theory. 第一個理論是最古老的理論,使用了crane,并且后面也直接指出了這種理論的問題:crane需要一個穩(wěn)定問基底,但是當(dāng)建造到頂部的時候,就沒有了這個基底。所以這個方法是有問題的。根據(jù)我們之前所說的,后面的理論也一定會給出評價性的描述。
The next one has to do with the use of a ramp that would allow workers to drag a stone block up the side of the structure. Of course the ramp can’t be too steep. It has to have a long gentle slope. And that’s the problem. If you build a ramp with a slight slope up to the top of a Pyramid that’s over 130 meters high, it would have to be almost two kilometers long. Well, the Pyramid is built on a flat area called the Giza Plateau. The Plateau is simply not big enough to accommodate a two-kilometer-long ramp. 第二種理論使用ramp,跟之前的推測一樣,也指出了這種理論的不足之處。如果要建造ramp一直見到金字塔頂部的話,這個ramp就需要有2km長,但是金字塔所在的地區(qū)根本就沒有這么大。
OK. So what now? Well, if you’ve ever driven on a mountain road, you’d know that it has a lot of twists and turns and bends in it, because that’s how engineers keep the road from having to be too steep. So why not wrap the ramp around the Pyramid? Building the ramp around it as you go. Sounds like a pretty good idea. Except it’s got a serious problem. See…one of the most remarkable things about the Great Pyramid is how accurate the proportions are. The dimensions are almost perfect. To get that perfection, the engineers must have had to measure it repeatedly during construction. And the way you’d measure it is from the four corners of the base. Well, if you got a ramp spiraling up from the base of the Pyramid, those corners would be buried by that ramp during construction. 第三種理論依舊如此,還是存在一系列的問題。我們?nèi)绻裷amp環(huán)繞著金字塔建造的話,就會把金字塔的四個角埋起來,這樣就沒辦法反復(fù)的測量金字塔的比例,金字塔的比例也就沒有辦法這么的完美了
Well, who says the ramp has to be on the outside of the Pyramid? And now we get to the latest idea. If the ramp were on the inside of the Pyramid, the corners at the base would be exposed, so the engineers could do their measurements while they were building. 最后提出了最新的理論?梢园裷amp建立在金字塔的內(nèi)部。
Well, an architect named Houdin has spent a few years working on making computer models of the building of the Pyramid. And what Houdin believes is that an exterior straight ramp was used to construct the bottom third of the Pyramid, this ramp would have been fairly short. It probably rose less than 50 meters. Then the rest of the Pyramid was constructed using an internal ramp that spiraled around the inside of the Pyramid. 最后提出最新的由houdin提出的理解,基本上是吧第二種和第三種理論結(jié)合起來,用一個直的ramp建造下面的三層,剩下的用一個內(nèi)部的旋轉(zhuǎn)ramp建造
But how can we test this idea? Well, there are several ways to look inside the Pyramid.
One is called microgravimetry. Microgravimetry is a technique that’s used to detect voids inside a structure. You can then take the data and generate an image that shows any empty spaces in the interior. Well, in 1986, French scientists completed a microgravimetric survey of the Pyramid. And one of the images they produced showed an empty spiral-shaped space inside it. The shape of that space corresponds exactly to what Houdin thought the ramp would look like. I think Herodotus would be convinced. We might very well be at the end of centuries of guessing. 這種理論也有相應(yīng)的評價,但是最終科學(xué)家是能夠證實這種理論是有合理的,我們可以通過microgravimetric去檢測金字塔的內(nèi)部空隙,最后這種理論背證實了,所以最后說道We might very well be at the end of centuries of guessing.
這篇文章就給大家分享到這里了,如果同學(xué)們對于有任何的疑問,請點擊此處咨詢。新通教育為大家提供服務(wù),專業(yè)老師帶你學(xué),相信大家的學(xué)習(xí)效率一定會噌噌往上漲~點擊此處咨詢托福課程哦
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本科畢業(yè)于西安外國語大學(xué)英語專業(yè),英語專業(yè)八級,碩士畢業(yè)于英國杜倫大學(xué)教育學(xué)專業(yè),回國后從事出國考試英語教學(xué)工作4年;主要涉及雅思托福聽力部分;熟悉考試模式題點,擅長通過提高考生的基礎(chǔ)知識以及配合應(yīng)試技巧來提高應(yīng)試能力,提倡學(xué)生在通過正確的學(xué)習(xí)方式、習(xí)慣來全方面的提升英語水平,幫助學(xué)生提高成績。
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