托福閱讀真題（社科類）

社科類文章在我們整體的中還是占比較大的。大家在平時的中一定更要注意對文章整體的框架進行分析和總結(jié)。了解句子間的關(guān)系很重要。就拿下面這篇文章為例，我們一起進行分析。

Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of

social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China."

我們先看一下第一段，注意最基本的表達點就是分數(shù)的表達。 1 person in 20 就是我們所說的 二十分之一。有時候我們還會用到 1 out of twenty, 或者one twentieth。接下來我們分析一下這段的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)的目的就是為了更好的去處理修辭目的題、以及句子插入題等。

第一句說雖然在殖民時期有二十分之一的人居住在城市，城市對于北美發(fā)展還是有不成比例的影響。

It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools.接下來這句 就是典型的長難句

與當代資本主義相關(guān)的元素在城市中第一次出現(xiàn)-金錢和商業(yè)券取代了物物交換、社會階層與等級間的公開競爭以及社會混亂的上升。使用煤炭以及水力的工廠的出現(xiàn)取代了獨立的用手工工工具工作的匠人。

Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores.除了波士頓，其人口在1760年穩(wěn)定在16000，城市在18世紀間快速跳躍。在1775獨立戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前十五年，有200000移民到達了北美海岸。

對于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，有助于大家用更短的時間內(nèi)理解句子，在當中，也會給大家節(jié)省不少的時間。如果同學們在部分還是比較薄弱，可以考慮上班課，尤其是時間比較緊的同學，上也不失為一種好的學習方式。如果大家還有任何問題，請