托福閱讀指代題技巧

指代題是托福閱讀中相對簡單的一類題型，指代題的類型無非是代詞指代和詞匯指代。指代題的解決不僅對這個(gè)題型息息相關(guān)，也關(guān)系著其他題型以及對文章內(nèi)容的理解。這里講解一些快速解決的方法。

方法一：所有格代詞指代前面位置上最近的名詞

例子：The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations, Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because ，the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.

The word "their" in line 26 refer to：objects.

方法二：后半句的代詞主語指代前半句的名詞主語

例子：Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields as they did in 1980 when 70 percent of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble.

The word “they" in line 2 refers to ：eruptions.

方法三：并列的及物動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞的代詞賓語指代一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的名詞賓語

例子：Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes.

The word "it" in line 4 refers to : composition.

方法四：代詞主語指代前一句話主句中的名詞主語

例子：Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

The word "They" in line 10 refers to ： flying reptiles.