1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.
主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒裝句）
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages
The first of these 邏輯主語
Being a little book of some 120 pages 分詞短語
狀語成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published ... wordes’. （過去分詞短語作狀語）
2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.
主干部分：the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class
狀語成分：Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos
定語從句：who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.
3.It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.
Samuel Johnson n. 塞繆爾·約翰遜 (1709年9月7日-1784年12月3日)常被稱為約翰遜博士(Dr. Johnson) ; 英國歷史上最有名的文人之一; 集文評家、詩人、散文家、傳記家于一身。
分析：
這句話的主句是It is highly appropriate that，it在這里作形式主語，真正的主語是that所引導(dǎo)的句子。It is ... that...表示強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣。
主干成分：Dr Samuel Johnson should have published his Dictionary.
同位語：the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man作Samuel Johnson的同位語
定語：as famous in his own time as in ours （as...as結(jié)構(gòu)：像……一樣）
狀語：at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.
4.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’ with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.
在這個(gè)長句里，主干成分是James Boswell described the garret。His biographer作主語的同位語，where是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語從句，修飾garret。
現(xiàn)在分詞Running down the middle作desk的定語，at which引導(dǎo)的句子作desk的定語從句。
5.The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.
這個(gè)長句中，The fact是主語，“that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”為the fact的同位語，是一個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。括號里的整個(gè)部分是狀語成分，起到解釋說明的作用。剩下的部分跟主語一起，The fact was cause of much English celebration是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的主句。
6. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ‘setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words’.
這句話的主干成分是：His two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark。前面的For all its faults and eccentricities是for all引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語；in his own words及后面引用的部分作解釋說明的作用。
7.The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲ to offer him a pension.
這句話的主干成分是Johnson treated English very practically，其余的部分都作狀語。
9.The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations, drawn from English writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time.
分析：這個(gè)句子由三個(gè)子句構(gòu)成：第一個(gè)子句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：The work was immense；第二個(gè)子句是Johnson wrote…words；第三個(gè)是Johnson illustrated…quotations，drawn…subject作定語修飾quotations，from…time作時(shí)間狀語。前面的filling about…hand全部是狀語成分。
10．Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius.
翻譯：約翰遜是位詩人，也是個(gè)評論家，是他將常識上升到了天才的高度。
詞匯：
Poet n. 詩人
Critic n. 評論家
Common sense 常識
Genius n. 天才
分析：這個(gè)句子相對較簡單：Johnson was a poet and critic是主句，who引導(dǎo)了定語從句。
