帶你玩轉(zhuǎn)GRE閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)類型

為了幫助大家高效備考GRE，新姐為大家?guī)�來GRE閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)類型的解析，希望對大家GRE備考有所幫助。

現(xiàn)象解釋型

這類GRE閱讀題型顧名思義是對某種自然或社會現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析解釋。這類文章在一開始就會描述一種“奇怪”的現(xiàn)象，說它奇怪是因?yàn)檫@種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的頻率比較低或者在日常生活中不容易見到，又或者是容易被我們忽略的一些現(xiàn)象。

文章的展開也是圍繞這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行，首先是對這一現(xiàn)象的描述，然后介紹其產(chǎn)生的原因及所造成的影響，從而間接地表達(dá)作者的態(tài)度或評價(jià)。

新姐說：對于這類文章，考生不僅要對描述的現(xiàn)象有所了解，知道其具體在講什么，更重的是對該現(xiàn)象的成因解釋要理解透徹，明確產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的真正原因才能在作答時(shí)快速準(zhǔn)確的從文中找到依據(jù)。建議大家在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中養(yǎng)成剖析文章結(jié)構(gòu)的習(xí)慣，這樣不僅可以大大提高做題的效率，還能舉一反三，考生只要稍作歸納，就可以迅速解題，做到事半功倍。

觀點(diǎn)比較型

觀點(diǎn)對比型的GRE閱讀通常會在文章一開始就提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的觀點(diǎn)，并在下文中呈現(xiàn)出對比分析的特點(diǎn)。通過對兩個(gè)或多個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的分析比較，間接表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度和評價(jià)，從而判斷文章的主旨和基調(diào)。在做題過程中要注意觀察作者的態(tài)度或評價(jià)，因?yàn)榇祟愋偷奈恼轮型ǔ�會有關(guān)于作者態(tài)度的題目。

新姐說：這類文章主要是考察考生對文章整體的把握程度，對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的分析能力，以及對作者態(tài)度評價(jià)及邏輯的判斷。文章通常圍繞新觀點(diǎn)展開，明白這一點(diǎn)，就要在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中多家注意，并養(yǎng)成好的做題習(xí)慣，這樣才能在考試的時(shí)候臨危不亂，取得滿意的成績。

結(jié)論說明型

此類型的文章通常會在文章開頭給出一個(gè)明確的結(jié)論，然后在下文中圍繞這一結(jié)論進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述，通過擺事實(shí)和分析論據(jù)的方式來證明結(jié)論的正確性或可行性。文章的展開通常會以“總-分”的形式來呈現(xiàn)。

新姐說：這類文章一般在首句都會出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主題句，即topic sentence，接著下文圍繞這一話題展開討論，并且在討論的過程中不斷拋出論據(jù)來證明該結(jié)論的正確性。通過對論據(jù)的分析考生可以準(zhǔn)確判斷作者的態(tài)度，對接下來的題目練習(xí)做好鋪墊�？忌�在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要養(yǎng)成分析文章套路的習(xí)慣，“養(yǎng)兵千日用兵一時(shí)”對提升考生的準(zhǔn)確率是非常有效的。

對比分析型

此類型的文章通常會在文章開頭給出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上關(guān)于新觀點(diǎn)的主題句，然后在下文中圍繞這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述和對比分析，并且在對比中會著重凸顯作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。下面給大家舉例說明一下。

新姐說：同樣，此類文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上也會呈現(xiàn)出總-分-總結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段拋出觀點(diǎn)之后在接下來的段落中進(jìn)行針對性的分析，最后一段通常是對比分析后得出的結(jié)論匯總。所以在平時(shí)做GRE閱讀的時(shí)候一定要養(yǎng)成分析文章套路的習(xí)慣，這樣在做題的時(shí)候就能做到心中有數(shù)，下筆有神。

自問自答型

問題解答類的文章通常會以問句的形式開始，第一段會提出一個(gè)問題或者呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)難題，而問題通常是“設(shè)問”句。常見的標(biāo)志詞如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等詞。緊接著會對這一問題進(jìn)行解答或作出解釋，文章圍繞這些問題展開討論分析，并把作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度貫穿其中。主要考察考生對文章問題的理解以及對所給答案的分析和判斷，要求考生有明確的思路和方向。

新姐說：該類文章的大體結(jié)構(gòu)基本可以總結(jié)為“提問-解答-表明立場”，考生在讀文章的時(shí)候一定要把握好文章的基調(diào)和作者的評價(jià)，善于分析并把握文章的重點(diǎn)，判斷作者最想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。為接下來的作答做好準(zhǔn)備。首先，正如上文介紹的，文章一開始就要找出作者提出的文章要討論的問題。接著，作者會對此給出解答這個(gè)問題的重要信息考生對這些信息要進(jìn)行明確的標(biāo)注，方便最后的題目解答。最后根據(jù)作者對問題作出的回答判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和立場，把握文章的主要內(nèi)容。

GRE閱讀真題練習(xí)

In The Women of Mexico City, 1796-1857, Sylvia Marina Arrom argues that the status on women in Mexico City improved during the nineteenth century. According to Arrom, households headed by females and instances of women working outside the home were much more common than scholars have estimated; efforts by the Mexican government to encourage female education resulted in increased female literacy; and influential male writers wrote pieces advocating education, employment, and increased family responsibilities for women, while deploring women's political and marital inequality. Mention of the fact that the civil codes of 1870 and 1884 significantly advanced women's rights would have further strengthened Arrom's argument.

Arrom does not discuss whether women's improved status counteracted the effects on women of instability in the Mexican economy during the nineteenth century. However, this is not so much a weakness in her work as it is the inevitable result of scholars' neglect of this period Indeed, such gaps in Mexican history are precisely what make Arrom's pioneering study an important addition to Latin American women's history.

練習(xí)題：

(1)The passage is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?

A.Reviewing a historical study of the status of women in Mexico City during the nineteenth century.

B.Analyzing the effects of economic instability on the status of women in Mexico during the nineteenth century

C.Advancing a thesis explaining why women's status in Mexico City improved during the nineteenth century

D.Rejecting the thesis that the status of women in Mexico City during the nineteenth century actually improved

E.Praising an author for a pioneering attempt to bridge significant gaps in Mexico's economic history prior to 1790

(2)It can be inferred from the passage that Arrom would agree with which of the following assertions?

A.Efforts by the Mexican government to encourage education for women during the nineteenth century were hampered by the economic instability of that period.

B.The most significant advances in the rights of Mexican women during the nineteenth century occurred prior to 1857.

C.Improvements in the status of women in Mexico City during the nineteenth century were accompanied by similar improvements in the status of women in other large Latin American cities.

D.Scholars have in the past accorded the most significance to nineteenth-century Mexican literature that supported the status quo in women's political and marital rights.

E.Scholars have in the past underestimated the number of households headed by females in Mexico City

(3)Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward Arrom's work?

A.Uncritical approval

B.Enthusiasm tempered by minor reservations

C.Praise for her thesis, despite skepticism regarding the sources of her evidence

D.Reluctant acceptance, despite lingering doubts regarding the accuracy of her thesis

E.Rejection, despite admiration for her attempt to break new ground in a hitherto neglected field

練習(xí)題答案：(1)A (2)E (3)B