雅思閱讀中的邏輯關(guān)系詞

雅思閱讀中的導(dǎo) 航器就是邏輯關(guān)系詞，它能夠指引我們快速地找到考點(diǎn)所在。            　　

一般與考點(diǎn)有關(guān)的邏輯關(guān)系詞分為以下幾類：

1順接和遞進(jìn)

例詞：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

考點(diǎn)：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…(C6, P28, T31)

解析：And 在這句話開頭，有一定的遞進(jìn)含義, this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge，所以這兩句話有緊密的聯(lián)系，在讀題的時(shí)候要通過發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞，然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句，最后把考點(diǎn)考察的意思補(bǔ)充完整。

2對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折

例詞：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison…

考點(diǎn)：However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive
businesses.(C4, P66, T13)

解析：題目中出現(xiàn)了conclude的字眼，總結(jié)段落一般是在文章的最后，然而帶有轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系詞however 這句話，顯然就是文章的考點(diǎn)所在。

3相似            　

例詞：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way…

考點(diǎn)：In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth.(C4, P97, T32)

解析：In other words 是解釋，換一種說法，通常會(huì)以更加簡(jiǎn)單易懂，清晰的話語(yǔ)陳述出難點(diǎn)，常常難點(diǎn)是考點(diǎn)出沒的地方。

4時(shí)間先后

例詞：firstly, second, next, then, now, later, since, eventually,  finally

考點(diǎn)：Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.(C6, P94, T30)

解析：段落結(jié)構(gòu)很清楚，主要是因?yàn)橛斜磉_(dá)順序的邏輯關(guān)系詞First、second、third，讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)這段是在講，侍強(qiáng)凌弱這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)開始改變，主要是從三個(gè)方面入手：意識(shí)、資源、監(jiān)督。這種發(fā)展讓學(xué)校有了更多的方法和有效途徑解決存在的問題。這里的First、second、third提示我們?nèi)齻�(gè)方面，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)發(fā)展的過程。

5排列次序:

例詞：another, the second, the most, the best…

考點(diǎn)：Most important of all, the traditional measures of ‘risk’, such as parents’ age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development.(C5, P63, T12)

解析：most important of all 強(qiáng)調(diào)了最重要的事情，也就是文中比較重要的結(jié)論要出爐了。Single parents是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，同樣在這一句里出現(xiàn)了，可以利用對(duì)邏輯關(guān)系詞的敏感度，快速抓住文章的考點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行局部精讀。

6強(qiáng)調(diào)作用

例詞：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

考點(diǎn)：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…(C5, P21, T18)

解析：信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在那個(gè)段落出現(xiàn)，在做此類題目時(shí)，要注意信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)的密切相關(guān)性，從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence (實(shí)質(zhì)上), 起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，迅速掃讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology, 破折號(hào)后面的介詞to是表目的與題目中的the general aim of一致對(duì)應(yīng)。

7舉例子和說明

例詞：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…

考點(diǎn)： Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as wood flour, asbestos or cotton…(C5, P39, T5)

解析：我們看到such as后面是舉例子，such as 后面的例子可以作為定位詞，wood flour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers 在這里就是一個(gè)概括性的詞語(yǔ)，常常是考點(diǎn)。