托福寫作高分論點技巧

中有一個主體段的point(論點)，illustration(論證) 和example(舉例)中，

最讓學(xué)生頭疼的就是中間的illustration(論證)部分啦 ��！

講道理講不清楚，邏輯紊亂，或者根本就大腦空白無從下手，都是托�？忌�的通�。∧敲唇裉炀蛠斫檀蠹乙徽泻莒`的解藥幫助你順利的通過托福考試—反面論證

在日常生活中，我們會見到這樣的反面論證：

女朋友：“你說說，為什么我對你來說很重要啊~”

男朋友：“ 額……因為……如果沒有你的話，我就活不下去��！”

在這個案例中，男主角因為沒有辦法說出正面的理由， 所以直接來了個反面論證，雖然有點牽強，但是仍然忽悠過去了。這就是反面論證的巧妙之處：

邏輯簡單，卻非常有力。

而的反面論證就是就是為了證明我們的觀點正確，我們先假設(shè)它的反面觀點成立，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)反面觀點的問題或者缺陷，那么自然就可以證明我們的觀點是正確的或者是更好的。使用反面論證不但能夠使論證更加有力，同時也擴充了一部分字?jǐn)?shù)，一舉兩得。

我們來看看在一個學(xué)生寫作案例中，反面論證的應(yīng)用：

(黑色字體為point,紅色字體為illustration,藍(lán)色字體為example)

Computer games can improve children’s responsive ability.Because games require players to make decisions quickly andtake actions immediately. For example, I liked Tetris very muchwhen I was young. In the game， I had to look for empty spaceacross the screen and quickly found the right gap to place newblocks. So， I needed to be very fast. Gradually, I became fast not only in games but also in calculating and writing. 

這個段落總共74個單詞。

我們知道，如果每個主體段都在70個單詞左右，三個主體段*70詞=210詞，加上首段and尾段60詞，肯定是無法寫夠獨立寫作最低字?jǐn)?shù)要求300詞的。

那么我們把這位同學(xué)的illustration單獨抽出來看看，就這么一句話：

“Because games require players to make decisions quickly and take actions immediately.“

“因為游戲要求玩家快速做出決定并且馬上采取行動。”

然后就沒了……

是不是有種熟悉的感覺！蒼白，無力，虛弱……

沒關(guān)系，我們來對這個一句話的

illustration嘗試使用反面論證的手法！

原：因為游戲要求玩家快速做出決定并且馬上采取行動。

反面論證：如果玩家不對任務(wù)做出快速反應(yīng)的話，他們可能會在一秒之內(nèi)輸?shù)粲螒�。因此，電腦游戲確實鍛煉了孩子的大腦。

If players could not response to the task rapidly, they could lose the game within one second. Therefore, computer games do give children’s brain a workout.  

把這句話加入原文中，我們會得到這樣的一個段落：

Computer games can improve children’s responsive ability.Because games require players to make decisions quickly andtake actions immediately. If players could not respond  to the task rapidly, they could lose the game within one second. Therefore, computer games do give children’s brain a workout. For example, I liked Tetris very much when I was young. In the game, I had to look for empty space across the screen and quickly found the right gap to place new blocks. So, I needed to be very fast. Gradually, I became fast not only in games but also in calculating and writing. 

這樣，段落立刻從74個單詞變成了99個單詞�。�

假設(shè)每個主體段都能有100個單詞左右，三個主體段*100詞=300詞，已經(jīng)基本達(dá)到獨立寫作最低300詞的要求，加上開頭段和結(jié)尾段，肯定能在考場寫出滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求的文章哦�。�

這樣邏輯簡單的論證手法，

是不是超級好用呢�。�

再來看看何老師的其他學(xué)生在作文論證中應(yīng)用反面論證的例子吧：

例1：

Point: Regular exercise can improve student’s learning efficiency.Illustration: Because doing sports can help students to relax and refresh, they can focus on study more efficiently after exercising. If students could not get adequate exercise, they are very likely to burn out and are more prone to diseases. Therefore, it is highly necessary for students to build up their bodies for the sake of a better academic performance.

例2：

Point: Part-time experiences enhance children’s social ability.Illustration: In workplace, teenagers will meet new people and must learn to get along with them. In this process, children develop stronger communicative skills and social ability.If children are confined to school environment, they may lack the ability to deal with different people when they enter society. Therefore, doing part-time jobs plays an important role in children’s social development.

好噠，這種簡單又行之有效

的反面論證大家學(xué)會了嗎？

當(dāng)然，上面展示的只是使用虛擬語氣的反面論證，還有其他可以用在反面論證的句式和表達(dá)，比如:

1、without

例：Without proper training, employees may work with   low efficiency and poor proficiency and thus bring loss to the company.

2、suppose/imagine/supposing (that)

例：Supposing that Mr. Zhang had taken a job which was very easy to lose, once lost, he would have failed to give stable and constant financial support to the whole family and his family would have got into trouble.

經(jīng)過詳細(xì)的舉例，不知道同學(xué)們掌握沒有啊，沒有掌握也沒有關(guān)系 大家可以了解一下新通公眾號：新通出國考培，里面有最新鮮的資訊和當(dāng)下最熱例題解析。