雅思寫作7月29日預測

犯罪類話題每年考試都比較少，一年平均2到4次左右，今年前半年的大趨勢也是如此，屬于比較少見的題型，所以經(jīng)常會被我們的學生和老師忽視。今天我們好好看看有關(guān)犯罪類作文的內(nèi)容，希望給我們29號考試的烤鴨們一點預測。

犯罪類crime 分類

青少年犯罪多為團伙犯罪

大多數(shù)青少年為團伙作案，一般而言可分為三大類

Official records indicate that much juvenile crime is a group or gang activity .Juvenile gangs are typically classified as violent, delinquent and social. Members of violent gangs sometimes have unstable personalities .  disputes center on territory or gang warfare and are assaultive 好攻擊的,often involving deadly weapons. While group violence is sanctioned 批準,inpidual violence is discouraged . The delinquent gang is a small cohesive 團結(jié)的group developed to carry out criminal acts , such as petty thievery 小偷小摸and robbery . Although violence may be used , the primary goal is material gain . The social gang is relatively permanent group of youths . In contrast to the common characterization of gang-generated crime, however , studies often reveal that youth crime is a personal , independent effort not directly related to group activity.

青少年犯罪的誘因

許多有關(guān)青少年犯罪誘因的研究認為個人因素及社會影響是兩大誘因

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile crime focus either on the inpidual or on society as the major contributing influence.  Theories centering on the inpidual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized 懲罰for previous delinquent acts or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. A person who becomes socially alienated 疏離的may be more inclined to commit a criminal act. Theories focusing on the role of society in juvenile delinquency suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to improve their socio-economic conditions, or as disapproval of middle-class values.

富裕家庭的孩子的犯罪原因

貧窮家庭和富裕家庭的孩子都有可能犯罪。缺少家長管制，遲遲無法獲得成年人身份，享樂傾向，這些都可能導致富裕家庭的孩子犯罪

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from affluent homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes because of the lack of adequate parental control, delays in achieving adult status , and hedonistic 享樂的tendencies. All theories , however, are tentative 試驗性的and are subject to criticism.

社會結(jié)構(gòu)變化對青少年犯罪的影響

社會結(jié)構(gòu)變化會間接影響青少年犯罪率。經(jīng)濟變化導致青少年的就業(yè)機會減少，由此引發(fā)不滿，從而導致犯罪

Changers in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example , changes in the economy that leads to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general , make gainful employment increasingly difficult for young people to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變化及其他因素對青少年犯罪的影響

家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，使得孩子受不到足夠的家庭監(jiān)護，從而導致犯罪。而且在學校遇到的挫折和失敗、毒品和酒精的日益容易獲得，以及虐待和忽視兒童都是青少年犯罪的誘因

Families have also experienced changes in the last 25years . More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents ;consequently , children are likely to have less supervision at home  than in the traditional family structure . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable 可確認的causes of delinquent acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol , and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect . All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act , although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

Report類型文章素材

對青少年犯罪的管制I :社區(qū)管制

對青少年犯罪的管制有四大方法：社區(qū)管制，居所管制，非居所社區(qū)管制和專門機構(gòu)收容。社區(qū)管制指對犯罪孩子實行察看

The juvenile justice system tries to treat and rehabilitate 改造youngsters who are involved in delinquency . The methods can be categorized as community treatment, residential treatment 居所管制,nonresidential community treatment 非居所社區(qū)管制and institutionalization 機構(gòu)收容. In most cases community treatment involves placing the child on probation 察看. When the child is believed to be not harmful to others, he or she is placed under the supervision of an officer of the juvenile court and must abide by the specific rules that are worked out between the officer and the child. In some instances community treatment also takes the form of restitution 賠償,in which the child reimburses償還the victim either through direct payment or through some form of work or public service.

對青少年犯罪的管制II:居所管制和非居所社會管制

居所管制指的是將青少年關(guān)入教養(yǎng)所，為其提供心理和職業(yè)指導，也包括森林營地或勞教所等鄉(xiāng)村項目。非居所社區(qū)管制指的是犯罪青少年住在家中接受心理健康治療等服務

Residential treatment generally takes place in a group home 教養(yǎng)所where the juvenile is provided with psychological and vocational counseling. Other forms of residential treatment include rural programs such as forest camps and work farms 勞改農(nóng)場. Youngsters placed in nonresidential community-based treatment programs do not reside at the facility . Instead they live at home and receive treatment from mental health clinics or similar services.

對青少年犯罪的管制III:專門機構(gòu)收容

專門機構(gòu)收容是對青少年犯罪者最嚴厲的管制手段。犯罪青少年被監(jiān)禁在專門機構(gòu)中，并被限制自由，由該機構(gòu)負責他們的勸告、教育、娛樂、食宿和其他日�；顒�

Institutionalization is the most severe punishment for juvenile offenders. The child is incarcerated 監(jiān)禁in a secure facility and denied freedom to come and to go in community . The institution is responsible for the child’s counseling 勸告,education, recreation , room and board , and other daily activities.