判斷題是在雅思閱讀中占到舉足輕重地位的一大題型,一直以來都是考察的重點(diǎn)之一。判斷題的考點(diǎn)詞有哪些呢?
判斷題是在雅思閱讀中占到舉足輕重地位的一大題型,一直以來都是考察的重點(diǎn)之一。學(xué)生可以從看題目找定位詞和考點(diǎn)入手,深入挖掘該題型的解題思路和竅門。關(guān)于定位詞的確定,大家比較熟悉,通常會(huì)選取特殊詞(如專有名詞,數(shù)字,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等)或者替身較少的名詞,動(dòng)詞等,而判斷題的考點(diǎn)詞有哪些呢?下面我們就一起來看一下。
判斷題考點(diǎn)主要分成以下五種:
一.反義考點(diǎn);
二.數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)量考點(diǎn);
三.絕對(duì)詞考點(diǎn);
四.比較考點(diǎn);
五.邏輯考點(diǎn)(因果邏輯;時(shí)間邏輯)
一.反義考點(diǎn)詞
Q: Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle's view on the subject.(C5T2P2 Q17)
原文:But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle's belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning.
題目中講到current thinking on humour極大地忽略了Aristotle的觀點(diǎn),而原文則表示采取了,贊同Aristotle的一些觀點(diǎn);題目和原文內(nèi)容相反,因此答案為FALSE/NO.
二.數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)量考點(diǎn)
Q: More than 320,000 tonnes of salmon were caught in Alaska in 2000.
原文:During 2000, commercial catches of Pacific salmon in Alaska exceeded 320,000 tonnes, with an ex-vessel value of over $US260 million. (C7T4P2)
題目中的數(shù)字信息為“more than 320,000 tonnes of salmon”,原文中的數(shù)字信息為“exceeded 320,000 tonnes”,其中more than和exceeded屬于同義替換,因此答案為TRUE/YES.
Q: The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.
原文:Interesting facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality; and 70% was related to the collection of water and firewood and travelling to grinding mills.(C7T4P2)
題目中的數(shù)字信息為“one-fifth or 20%...outside the local area”,原文中的數(shù)字信息為“80%...within the locality”,該題不是直接的數(shù)字對(duì)應(yīng),而要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的加減法運(yùn)算,這種情況大家需要注意。答案為TRUE/YES.
Q: Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product. (C10T3P1 Q6)
原文: This industry is the world's leading industrial contibutor, producing over 6 per cent of the world's gross national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year.
題目中的數(shù)字信息為“over six per cent of the Australian gross national product”而題目中則為“over 6 per cent of the world's gross national product”,雖然數(shù)字相同,但是我們還要注意數(shù)字修飾的內(nèi)容,題目中為“澳大利亞生產(chǎn)總值的6%”,而原文則為“全球生產(chǎn)總值的6%”,因此答案為FALSE/NO.
三.絕對(duì)詞考點(diǎn)(all, must, every, most)
Q:The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the world.
原文:The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world.
題目中出現(xiàn)了絕對(duì)詞every,表明“在全球的每個(gè)城市”,而原文中則表示“全球的37個(gè)城市”,并不是每個(gè)城市,因此答案為FALSE/NO.
Q: All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly.
原文: The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising. (劍 5 Test 2 Q35 )
題目中出現(xiàn)了絕對(duì)詞all,表明“所有的文化都能夠清晰地表達(dá)大的數(shù)字”,而原文則表示“一些文化缺乏處理大數(shù)字的能力,而且這種現(xiàn)象不足為奇”,并不是每個(gè)文化都具備這種能力,因此答案為FALSE/NO.
Q:Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.
原文:Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. (劍 7 Test 2, Q1 )
題目中出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)詞only,表示“在1400年間,只有兩個(gè)日本塔坍塌了。”原文中也出現(xiàn)only two,題目和原文意思一致,因此答案為TRUE/YES.
當(dāng)題目中出現(xiàn)all, only, best, most等絕對(duì)詞時(shí),答案為FALSE/NO的概率較大,但是也有特例,一切判斷以原文為主!。
四.比較考點(diǎn)詞( A is … than B 或者 A is as … as B)
Q: Early peoples found it easier to count by using fingers rather than a group of pebbles. (劍 6 Test 2 Q40 )
原文: … because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s fingers.
題目中出現(xiàn)的比較對(duì)象是“fingers和a group of pebbles”,比較內(nèi)容是難易程度,比較結(jié)果是fingers 要比a group of pebbles更加容易. 原文中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象,但是并未進(jìn)行對(duì)比,因此答案為NOT GIVEN.
Q: Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforest’s destruction.
原文 1 : More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.
原文 2 : More girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats.
題目中出現(xiàn)的比較對(duì)象是boys and girls,比較內(nèi)容和結(jié)果是女生比男生更有可能關(guān)于熱帶雨林的破壞持有錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn);原文中有兩處出現(xiàn)了男女雙方的比較,第一處比較內(nèi)容和結(jié)果是更多女生提出了把熱帶雨林作為動(dòng)物棲息地的想法;第二處比較內(nèi)容和結(jié)果是更多女生說熱帶雨林給人類提供了棲息地,并未出現(xiàn)題目中的對(duì)比內(nèi)容,因此答案為NOT GIVEN.
Q: There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.
原文:In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets.
題目中將現(xiàn)在和過去的悉尼餐館的種類進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在有更多的種類,而原文中只提到了現(xiàn)在悉尼的餐館種類很多,但是沒有提及過去的相關(guān)信息,因此答案為NOT GIVEN.
比較考點(diǎn)詞解題步驟:
1.先去原文中找題目中的比較雙方A 和 B ,如果有一方在原文中沒有出現(xiàn),答案選 NOT GIVEN 。
2.如果A 和 B 都在原文中出現(xiàn),但并未出現(xiàn)比較,答案選 NOT GIVEN 。
3.如果A 和 B 都在原文中出現(xiàn),且出現(xiàn)比較,但比較的內(nèi)容不一致,答案選 NOT GIVEN 。
4.如果 A 和 B 都在原文中出現(xiàn),而且比較內(nèi)容相同,則根據(jù)方向來判斷答案選 YES 或者 NO 。
五.邏輯考點(diǎn)詞
因果邏輯:
Q: Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water consumption. (C7T1P2)
原文:But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry.
題目中出現(xiàn)了表示因果的邏輯詞“lead to”,表示現(xiàn)代科技導(dǎo)致了家用水量的減少,原文中也出現(xiàn)了因果邏輯詞“thanks to”,表示由于新的科技幫助節(jié)約家庭和工業(yè)用水,每人的用水量減少了。題目和原文邏輯關(guān)系一致,因此答案為YES/TRUE.
Q: Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.(C7T1P2)
原文:Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world's food.
題目中出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系詞“due to”,表示先進(jìn)的灌溉系統(tǒng)使養(yǎng)活日益增長(zhǎng)的人口能為可能。原文中也出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系“because of”,表示食物產(chǎn)量能夠和激增的人口保持一致是由于人工灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)張。題目和原文邏輯關(guān)系一致,因此答案為YES/TRUE.
因果邏輯詞匯總:
because of; due to; thanks to; owing to + 原因
so; lead to; result in; cause; thus, therefore, hence + 結(jié)果
時(shí)間邏輯:
Q: The history of Europe has been documented since 3000 BC.(C4T4P2)
原文:Conventional historical sources begin only with the introduction of written records around 3000 BC in western Asia, and much later in most other parts of the world.
題目中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間邏輯詞since,表示“從公元前3000開始,歐洲的歷史已經(jīng)被記錄了”,而原文中表示“大約公元前3000年,只有西亞有記錄,在世界絕大多數(shù)其他地方則晚很多”,因此可以推測(cè)出歐洲的記錄發(fā)生在公元前3000年后,題目與原文不一致,因此答案為FALSE/NO.
以上是關(guān)于判斷題考點(diǎn)的解析,大家在做題的過程中還是要多多練習(xí),準(zhǔn)確把握考點(diǎn)信息,進(jìn)而攻克判斷題。
40. Economical in energy.
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