托福TPO42聽力Lecture真題解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福聽力備考中，想要快速提升自己的托福聽力能力，選擇好適合的練習材料是個非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO42聽力Lecture真題解析。

托福TPO42聽力Lecture1  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain why a particular statue of a Roman emperor is so famous
B. To discuss how classical Greek and Roman statues looked in ancient times
C. To describe the types of pigments Greek and Roman artists applied to statues
D. To explain a shift from monochrome to polychrome statues in ancient times
答案：B

解析：關鍵詞Now之后，“Now, the ideal of playing white sculpture goes back to fifteenth century Europe, when Renaissance artists rediscovered ancient Greek and Roman culture.”即為文章主旨。教授想要教給學生們關于古代經典希臘和羅馬雕像的知識。所以B選項正確。

2. Why does the professor mention statues created by Renaissance artists in fifteenth-century Europe?
A. To emphasize the importance of color in Renaissance works of art
B. To help explain the method used to determine the age of a statue
C. To point out the origin of the belief that ancient marble statues were monochrome
D. To point out that Renaissance artists used other materials besides marble to create statues
答案：C

解析：根據關鍵詞Renaissance定位至原文第一段“They were inspired by sculptures that appeared monochrome, so they created white marble statues.”可知藝術家們被這些單色雕塑所啟發(fā)，創(chuàng)作了白色大理石雕塑。所以C選項正確。

3. According to the professor, what are two reasons that ancient statues may no longer have any visible traces of paint?
Click on 2 answers.
A. The paint was eroded away.
B. The marble absorbed the paint over time.
C. Museum curators intentionally removed the paint.
D. The paint was accidentally removed during cleaning.
答案：A, D

解析：根據關鍵詞have any visible traces of paint定位至原文第二段“In other cases, the pigment may have been weathered away while it exposed to the elements, or someone may have rigorously clean these statues and unknowingly remove the last traces of pigment.”可知雕像的顏料可能已被風化，所以A選項正確�；蛘哂腥嗽谇鍧嵉裣駮r無意間移除了最后的顏料痕跡，所以D選項正確。

4. What is the professor’s opinion about ancient statues that were once painted?
A. They should be judged by their form rather than their color.
B. They should be interpreted with the artists’ intentions in mind.
C. They should be fully restored to their original colors.
D. They probably represent only a small minority of classical statues.
答案：B

解析：根據原文“As art historians we must tried interpret the intentions of the artists, what were the artists trying to achieve. ”教授說作為藝術歷史學家我們應該盡量去解讀藝術家的意圖，所以B選項正確。

5. According to the professor, what is significant about the paint on the statue of Augustus?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It helped protect the statue from erosion.
B. The different colors were made from valuable pigments.
C. The color of the armor indicated the youth of Augustus.
D. The color of the cloak symbolized authority.
答案：B, D

解析：根據原文“And it turns out that the color is word just from any pigment. They were from expensive pigments.”可知這些顏料都及其昂貴，因此B選項正確。
“And in real life, was a red color, which to the Romans signify the emperor’s authority, military, and political authority.”可知領子上的顏色代表著羅馬君主的權威，因此D選項正確。

6. What does the professor imply that art historians should do?
A. Try to preserve deteriorating ancient pigments with an organic surface treatment.
B. Educate the public about the damage caused by cleaning works of art.
C. Study the remaining traces of pigments on as many ancient sculptures as possible.
D. Try to re-create the mineral-based paints that were used in ancient times.
答案：C

解析：根據原文結尾部分的內容“There are many many more sculptures that have traces of pigments left on them. And we have the technology these days to be able to carry out effective studies in these pigments. There’s a lot of work to be done. But it needs to be done fast. Like I said before, these pigments deteriorate rapidly. So we really need to do the research before the traces are gone. ”可知教授呼吁大家盡快去研究這些顏料的剩余痕跡，并且盡量多研究一些，所以C選項正確。

托福TPO42聽力Lecture2  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain the difficulty of classifying distant objects in the universe
B. To introduce a classification system for galaxy clusters
C. To present some recent discoveries about the shapes of galaxies
D. To describe some differences between galaxies and clusters
答案：B

解析：根據原文第一二句話，“Before we continue talking about the properties of individual galaxies, it’s worth talking about the distribution of galaxies in space. Efforts at mapping or survey in the universe, making it sort of atlas of galaxies have been going on more than fifty years. ”可知，教授在本節(jié)課中將會對星系團的分布及類別進行講解。所以B選項正確。

2. What did Shapley and Ames discover about the universe?
A. Most galaxies are symmetrical.
B. More galaxies exist in the universe than was once believed.
C. Galaxies occur in clusters throughout the universe.
D. Clusters are distributed uniformly throughout the universe.
答案：C

解析：根據原文 “And they made an important discovery. Their survey was the first to indicate that the galaxies were not distributed uniformly in space, some areas have a lot of galaxies, and the other areas had just a few. Another way to put in this is just say that galaxies are clustered. They are not spread evenly in the universe. So we have stars group together in galaxies and in galaxies group together in cluster.” 可知Shapley和Ames的發(fā)現就是星系是成群分布的，所以C選項正確。

3. Why does the professor emphasize the number of clusters mapped by Abell?
A. To help explain why Abell’s classification scheme was widely adopted
B. To explain why Abell was the first astronomer to notice spiral-shaped galaxies
C. To provide evidence that Abell’s method of surveying galaxies was superior to that used for previous surveys
D. To show how much Abell relied on earlier research
答案：A

解析：根據關鍵詞classification scheme定位至原文 “One of the reasons his scheme has been so widely accepted is because his sample size. With all the clusters in his sample, he could determine the different characteristics of clusters and these characteristics form the basis of his classification scheme” 可知A選項為同義替換，所以A選項正確。

4. What aspects of clusters did Abell use to classify them?
Click on 2 answers.
A. The density of the cluster
B. The shape of the cluster
C. The age of the cluster
D. The type of galaxies in the cluster
答案：A, B

解析：根據原文“Now, two of the characteristics crucial to his classification were richness and symmetry. ”
根據原文學生提問 Is that the same as density? 教授回答：That’s right, both richness and density refer to the number per area. 所以A選項正確。
根據原文學生提問And symmetry just refers to its shape? 教授回答：Graphically speaking yes. 所以B選項正確。

5. Why does the professor discuss the Coma and Virgo clusters?
A. To indicate a limitation of Abell’s survey
B. To distinguish between rich and non-rich clusters
C. To demonstrate that clusters considered irregular in shape are basically spherical
D. To illustrate that the shape of a cluster is independent of the shape of the galaxies within it
答案：D

解析：根據原文 “But the individual galaxies within it are elliptical. They are not spherical or spiral shaped. ”可知星系團的形狀和其中星系的形狀是獨立的。所以D選項正確。

6. What is the professor's opinion of Abell's assumption that all clusters are about the same size?
A. He is surprised that it has been disproved.
B. He believes that there is not enough data to support it.
C. He is impressed that it has been proved correct.
D. He thinks it is Abell’s most important contribution to astronomy.
答案：C

解析：根據原文 “And it was just an assumption that all clusters to about the same size. It’s remarkable that it proved to be correct. ” 所以C選項正確。

托福TPO42聽力Lecture3  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Why fungi cannot grow well in polluted ecosystems
B. Why fungi pose a danger to the underground water system
C. How to prevent heavy metals from getting into the soil
D. How fungi can clean up pollution that is in the soil
答案：C

解析：題目考察文章主旨。全文都在講如何防止重金屬進入土地進而形成污染，lecture的結尾還在講蘑菇可以作為有效的清潔污染的能源，因此C選項正確。

2. What does the professor say about the way fungi get their food?
A. They use certain metal compounds in the soil as nutrients.
B. The enzymes that they produce allow them to absorb organic nutrients from the soil.
C. They separate nutrients from heavy metals and then return the metals to the soil.
D. Heavy metals interfere with their way of getting nutrients from the soil.
答案：B

解析：根據原文 A fungus creates enzymes into the soil, enzymes that break down, decompose organic material in the soil, so the fungus can absorb this material and get nutrition. 可知酶可以從土中產出菌類需要的有機營養(yǎng)，所以B選項正確。

3. What two points does the professor make about chitin?
Click on 2 answers.
A. Chitin binds strongly to certain heavy metals.
B. Insects need chitin in order to digest the fungi they eat.
C. Chitin can be added to soil to create a good habitat for fungi.
D. The cell walls of fungi, like the exoskeletons of insects, contain chitin.
答案：A, D

解析：根據原文But beyond that, the filaments also pull out of the soil a great deal of the pollution that might be in there, especially heavy metals. 所以A選項正確。
根據原文 Believe it or not, the only other place that chitin is found abundance is in the exoskeletons of insects, crabs and such. 所以D選項正確。

4. What do adsorption and absorption in fungi have in common?
A. They both can help the production of new filaments.
B. They both can increase the production of chitin.
C. They both can help keep pollutants out of groundwater.
D. They both result in the strengthening of cell walls.
答案：C

解析：根據原文 And thereby detoxify a large soil ecosystem. The heavy metals are still there, but instead of leaching into the water system and contaminating the water underground, large amounts of these metals may remain bound to the chitin to the cell walls of filaments fungi and the soil. 可知菌類的吸附和吸收作用都可避免污染物污染地下水。所以C選項正確。

5. Why does the professor mention the antibiotic penicillin?
A. To suggest that more fungi should be investigated as potential sources of medications
B. To point out that certain heavy metals are needed for the production of penicillin
C. To criticize the pharmaceutical industry for contributing to environmental pollution
D. To show how a waste product from one process can be useful in another process
答案：D

解析：根據原文We can put these filters into waste pipes from industrial processes and use the filters to trap heavy metal like mercury and zinc. 可知這些生產出的廢物其實都是可被再次利用的，因此D選項正確。
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

6. Why does the professor say this:
A. She does not have time to fully explain the reason.
B. She is hopeful that students will be able to figure out the reason.
C. She wonders why mushrooms are not already used for cleaning up pollution.
D. She realizes that the research she has been discussing is still in its early stages.
答案：C

解析：教授說For some reason, this hasn’t happened yet as far as I know, but I can easily envision cultivating mushrooms for the sole purpose of detoxifying a large underground ecosystem. 所以C選項正確，因為教授好奇為什么蘑菇還沒有被用來清理污染物。

托福TPO42聽力Lecture4  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. The most common causes of service failures
B. Effective strategies for preventing service failures
C. The importance of having a plan to address service failures
D. Ways in which different industries respond to service failures
答案：C

解析：professor在開篇簡單列舉了幾種失敗案例，比如miss deadlines, process problems, human error, 并且根據原文So, if you are in a service industry, as a marketer you always need some kind of service recovery plan. 可知她此次lecture的目的就是為了強調這些關于服務行業(yè)失敗案例對應方案的重要性。所以C選項正確。

2. Why does the professor talk about a car rental agency?
A. To demonstrate the importance of employee training
B. To introduce the concept of service recovery
C. To point out that most service failures are within a company’s control
D. To point out that it is costly to implement a service recovery plan
答案：B

解析：教授用汽車租賃中介作為例子，舉例說明比如顧客進行預約但是員工卻記錯了日期，此時應該如何對顧客進行一些補償，這就是service recovery. 所以B選項正確，借這個例子來介紹服務補救的這個概念。

3. Why does the student mention his experience at a hotel in Chicago?
A. To show how complaints about a negative experience can hurt a business
B. To illustrate a surprising result of a successful service recovery
C. To give an example of an ineffective service recovery
D. To stress the importance of preventive maintenance in the hotel industry
答案：B

解析：學生舉了一個自己的例子，夏天和家人去芝加哥度假時所居住的酒店空調壞了，酒店所采取的對策就是整個周末沒有收取空調費用，所以即使學生覺得這次的居住體驗并不理想，但是卻因為酒店迅速的安撫了大家不滿的情緒，所以此后他再去芝加哥時，每次都會選擇這家酒店。即一個非常成功的服務失敗但是卻迅速補救成功的案例。所以B選項正確。

4. What is the professor’s opinion of the service recovery paradox?
A. It should not be relied on as a way to increase customer loyalty.
B. It does not produce long-lasting benefits for the service provider.
C. It is more common in the hotel industry than in other service industries.
D. It can only be beneficial if the customer is not aware of the original failure.
答案：A

解析：針對學生提出的問題，是否可以故意使用戶不滿，然后再采取補救方案使其更加滿意。教授回應道：Look, it’s always better to do things right the first time, ’cause how can you know the paradox will hold true in every situation? Plus, it’s hard to predict if a good service recovery will overcome the negative affect of a service failure. 所以A選項正確，不應采取這樣的方案來吸引顧客甚至是作為提高用戶忠誠度的途徑。

5. What point does the professor make when she mentions a fast-food restaurant?
A. Service failures should be analyzed from the service provider's perspective.
B. A customer’s reaction to a service failure can vary under different circumstances.
C. It is important for service managers to identify the source of a service failure.
D. Some service industries are more vulnerable than others to service failures.
答案：B

解析：根據原文People’s expectation, their priorities vary. 然后professor繼續(xù)舉例道，比如她很趕時間，此時她在快餐店點的薯條不夠熱，她可能因為很快就得到了食物而不去投訴，但如果她此時并不趕時間，她可能就會把薯條還回去，即使意為著，她還需要再等一段時間。所以B選項正確，每個顧客針對同一個service failure的反應是不盡相同的。

6. Why does the professor say this:
A. To review the main points of the lecture
B. To suggest topics for the students’ next research assignment
C. To indicate possible reasons why negative word of mouth is damaging to businesses
D. To specify where research is needed to better understand service recovery
答案：D

解析：I’ve actually been researching some of these issues myself. ’cause what we need is a deeper understanding of customers’ thought processes, and their reactions to the service recoveries. 可知教授說那段話的目的是把應該進行的研究具體化。所以D選項正確。

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