托福TPO45聽力Lecture真題解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福聽力備考中，想要快速提升自己的托福聽力能力，選擇好適合的練習材料是個非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO45聽力Lecture真題解析。

托福TPO45聽力Lecture1  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the lecture mainly about? 【題型】內容主旨題
A Reasons for the transition from religious to secular themes in Renaissance art
B The disproportionate influence of Italian artists during the Renaissance period
C Techniques used during the Renaissance to produce realistic works of art
D A comparison of themes in paintings and sculptures during the Renaissance
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：what, mainly about

解析：(從第27”開始，原文重現(xiàn)：And there are different ways that these natural themes were explored…But today I’d like to consider an influential Italian Renaissance artist… different approach. )
教授先說開發(fā)natural themes有different ways,之后就說要以Italian Renaissance時期的一位藝術家為例加以說明，再綜合整個講座，可知講座的主題就是討論在意大利文藝復興時期所使用的制作藝術作品所使用的技巧。

2. What is the professor's opinion of Leon Battista Alberti as an artist? 【題型】態(tài)度題
A Alberti’s interests were too diverse for him to succeed in any one field
B Alberti was ineffective in imposing his own theories on other artists.
C Alberti was a much more skilled artist than da Vinci or Michelangelo.
D Alberti represents the Renaissance ideal of wide-ranging achievement.
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：Leon Battista Alberti

解析：(從第54”開始，原文重現(xiàn)： Leon Battisa Alberti was a painter… very wide-ranging interests, like Da Vinci or Michelangelo,….)
教授介紹Leon Battisa Alberti時說他有多個角色，同時說他wide-ranging intereste興趣廣泛，與達芬奇及米開朗琪羅等藝術家類似…因此教授認為Leon Battisa Alberti是有廣泛成就的代表，故D選項正確。

3. According to the professor, what did Alberti consider to be the most important aspect of a Renaissance painting? 【題型】細節(jié)題
A That it convey an appealing narrative
B That its figures be posed symmetrically
C That its theme not be religious
D That its characters be positioned within a landscape
答案：A
破題關鍵詞匯：important, Renaissance painting

解析：(從第1’11“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：Alberti believed that the most important approach for a painter was to capture a story or narrative. )
抓住講座中的關鍵詞important和narrative就可以很容易知道A選項為正確選項。

4. Why did some artists begin to use the contrapposto pose? 【題型】細節(jié)題
A To create a cartoon-like effect
B To help viewers identify the main figure in a work of art
C To show the relative sizes of human figures
D To make human figures appear more natural
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：contrapposto pose

解析：(從第1‘51“重現(xiàn)：Well, Alberti needed characters, right?..And he wanted to represent them as realistically as possible,… One way he achieved this was to make use of what’s known as “the contrapposto pose”.)
題干問一些藝術家使用contrapposto pose的原因，在上面所示的部分one way之前給出了原因：to reprent them as realistically as possible, 故正確選項為D。選項D中的natural對應聽力中的realistically.

5. Why does the professor discuss tendons and muscles? 【題型】功能題
A To emphasize that Alberti’s study of anatomy led to his interest in art
B To show the emphasis Alberti placed on using physically fit models
C To illustrate the difficulty of maintaining a contrapposto pose in real life
D To explain one of Alberti's methods for creating accurate proportions
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：tendons and muscles

解析：(從第3’04”重現(xiàn)：But Alberti had a solution. He encouraged artists to visualize… This would give the artist an idea of the …imaging attaching the tendons and muscles…)
教授指出messing up the proportions的后果會導致人物形象cartoon-like and unnatural之后說Alberti有解決方法，之后提到了tendons and muscles,所以答案為D。

6. Why was the development of linear one-point perspective important to Renaissance artists? 【題型】 細節(jié)題
A It helped painters to place figures more symmetrically within their paintings.
B It allowed painters to create an illusion of three dimensions.
C It enabled artists to paint large landscapes for the first time.
D It encouraged artists to take an interest in geometry.
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：linear one-point perspective

解析：(從第4‘09“重現(xiàn)： In particular, the type of …was called”Linera One-point Perspective”)
該句出現(xiàn)了關鍵詞linear one-point perspective，往后聽到8’35”By drawing figures and objects… This gives the illusion of a third dimension, and makes the work of art more realistic.出現(xiàn)了the illusion of a third dimension，所以B為正確選項。

托福TPO45聽力Lecture2     【在線咨詢】

1. What is the lecture mainly about? 【題型】內容主旨題
A The process by which immune cells are produced
B The effects of consuming far fewer calories than usual
C The function of an organ found in rhesus monkeys and in humans
D The discovery of a nutrient necessary for good health
答案：A
破題關鍵詞匯：mainly about

解析：(從第18“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：So that’s the overview of human immune system….naive T-cells. Can you go over that part again? )
講座一開始，教授就說明了講座的主旨是已經講過immune systems了，學生要求再講一下naïve T-cells的情況�？梢娬�確答案是A。

2. Why does the professor mention the thymus? 【題型】組織結構題
A To explain how different types of food are turned into energy
B To give an example of an organ attacked by certain bacteria
C To introduce a research study by a nutritional biologist
D To answer a question about certain immune cells
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：thymus

解析：(從第 18“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：Students: And also why do we call them that any way?... Professor: It’s a small organ in the body. Anyway, that’s why we call them that. They come from the thymus. And T-cells are a part of body’s immune system.)
根據關鍵詞thymus可知，教授提到thymus的目的就是為了回答學生的提問。故D選項正確。

3. According to the professor, why are some cells called "naive"?【題型】細節(jié)題
A They originate from a relatively primitive type of cell.
B They are easily eliminated by the immune system.
C They are not yet able to recognize any particular protein marker.
D They can become part of any one of various organs of the body.
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：naive

解析：(從第47“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：But why naïve?...It’s learned to recognize a protein marker that identifies this particular kind of bacterium. But before it’s learned to recognize any particular protein from outside the body, we call it naïve. )
這些地方出現(xiàn)了關鍵詞，C選項符合題目所問。

4. In a recent study mentioned by the professor, what are two differences between the monkeys that have been fed a normal diet and the ones that have not?(Click on 2 answers) 【題型】細節(jié)題
A The monkeys on a normal diet appear older.
B The monkeys on a normal diet get sick less often.
C The monkeys on a normal diet have fewer naive T cells.
D The monkeys on a normal diet tend to live longer.
答案：AC
破題關鍵詞匯：monkey, normal diet

解析：(從第2‘57“開始，原文重現(xiàn)： the calorie restricted monkeys are much healthier and they just look and act younger thant the monkeys in the normal diet group.
3’55”So later on in life, there are fewer and fewer of these naïve T-cells left to deal with any new disease-causing organisms….)
這兩處與選項AC分別對應，故AC為正確答案。

5. What does the professor think about a calorie-restricted diet?(Click on 2 answers) 【題型】態(tài)度題
A She would not find it easy to follow.
B She is not sure humans would benefit from it
C Doctors are not likely ever to recommend it for people.
D It would probably affect humans differently than it affects monkeys.
答案：AB
破題關鍵詞匯：a calorie-restricted diet

解析：(從第4‘24“開始，原文重現(xiàn)： And that’s why they live longer? Well, it’s got be one reason. This is all pretty complex though with lots of details yet to be worked out.
But are results the same for humans? …Hard to say. A good study would take decades. And it’s not easy…)
這里的complex與選項A的not easy 對應。
Hard to say與選項B的not sure對應。

6. What does the professor mean when she says this: 【題型】功能題(重聽題)
A Problems in the study make its conclusions difficult to believe.
B The actual effect on mice was not what it seemed.
C Other studies of mice produced different results.
D Other animals seem to react as mice do.
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：what

解析：(從第2’13”開始，原文重現(xiàn)：
P:And the result , the underfed mice lived much longer than the normally fed ones.
S: Wow!Does that just go for mice?
P: Apparently not. )
學生問教授結論是否僅僅適合mice，教授給予了否定。也就是結論對其它隊伍也是適合的。所以D選項正確。

托福TPO45聽力Lecture3  【在線咨詢】

1. What does the professor mainly discuss? 【題型】內容主旨題
A Characteristics of different types of mixtures
B Differences between mixtures and solutions
C Ways of separating components of mixtures
D Identifying variable properties of solutions
答案：A
破題關鍵詞匯：mainly discuss

解析：(從第18”開始，原文重現(xiàn)： Now, there are two main kinds of mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Maybe I should put this on the board.)
講座開始不久，教授就說明了講座的主題。A選項與上文對應。

2. In the lecture, the professor gives examples of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. For each mixture below, indicate which kind it is. 【題型】細節(jié)題
Click in the correct boxes
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Dirty water
Salt water
Smoke
Soil

答案：BABB
破題關鍵詞匯：homogeneous , heterogeneous

解析：從第1’52”開始，原文重現(xiàn)：
You can see the boundary between them and in fact…說明soil是heterogeneous的。
2‘30“But that’s not so for all of them, like smoke. Actually，... But if you magnify it, you can see that there are tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. So actually what you got in smoke are three phases… 說明smoke是heterogeneous的。
3’01”Dirty water is water that has suspended solid matter in it …The boundaries are detectable. So multiple phases.說明dirty water是heterogeneous的。
3‘47“When salts dissolve in water no amount of magnification…There are no detectable boundaries between salt and water.說明salt是homogeneous的。

3. What is one basis for classifying a mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous? 【題型】細節(jié)題
A Whether its component parts are the same type of matter
B Whether its component parts are present in equal proportions
C Whether it contains one phase or more than one phase
D Whether it appears, without magnification, to contain a single component
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：classifying a mixture

解析：(從第53”開始，原文重現(xiàn)： So a homogeneous mixture is the same throughout. It contains only phase. ….Now if homogeneous mixtures are ones.. Mixtures that are different throughout.)
根據原文的以上兩處信息可知區(qū)分的標準是phase的情況，故C選項正確。

4. What can be inferred from the lecture about the process of distillation? 【題型】推理題
A It cannot be used if a mixture has variable properties.
B It can be used to separate the components of homogeneous mixtures.
C It is used to change heterogeneous mixtures Into homogeneous mixtures.
D It is a more efficient way of separating components of heterogeneous mixtures than filtration.
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：distillation

解析：(從第3’58“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：Even so, what you can do with solutions is separate the parts by a process called distillation.)
從這句話可知，distillation是可以分開solutions的，而solutions是屬于homogeneous的，故B 選項正確。

5. Why does the professor mention the freezing point of a mixture? 【題型】組織結構題
A To explain why salt dissolves in water
B To emphasize that mixtures can exist in a frozen state
C To show how filtration and distillation differ
D To give an example of a variable property of mixtures
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：freezing point

解析：(從第4‘23”開始，原文重現(xiàn)： Now, there are other ways,… uh, variable properties….A really simple example of this is…they vary of course, because of the relative amounts of the components, and the melting or freezing points of liquids too.)
教授提到variable property之后舉了一個例子，例子提到了freezing point，故D選項正確。

6. What does the professor imply when he says this: 【題型】推理題
A He wants to correct a statement he made previously.
B He is uncertain whether the students understood his explanation.
C The meaning of a term should be obvious to the students.
D The students are probably unaware that they have already seen examples of heterogeneous mixtures.
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：imply

解析：(從第1’31“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：then what do you suppose heterogeneous mixtures are? )
教授在講解了homogeneous mixture的定義之后，說homogeneous mixtures are the ones that are the same throughout,然后說了上面的話，可見在教授看來，這個答案是很明顯的，故C選項是正確選項。

托福TPO45聽力Lecture4     【在線咨詢】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture? 【題型】目的主旨題
A To explore possible solutions to an anthropological mystery
B To analyze the results of a nutritional experiment
C To explain why human beings first started creating ceramics
D To examine changes in the dietary preferences of an ancient culture
答案：A
破題關鍵詞匯：main purpose

解析：(從第26”開始，原文重現(xiàn)： So the question I want to look at today concerns the use of ceramic cooking vessels… why were they developed and used there?到了58”時， 教授又說 In fact, what’s been something of a mystery is why they were used at all, in the Arctic, I mean.)
A選項中的mystery來自上文，綜合整個lecture,可知A為正確選項。

2. According to the professor, why would the ceramic vessels used by ancient Arctic people be likely to break? 【題型】細節(jié)題
A Ancient Arctic people used cooking techniques unsuitable for ceramic pots.
B Ancient Arctic people were frequently moving from place to place.
C The vessels were not made with high-quality clay.
D The vessels were often exposed to extreme temperatures.
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：likely to break

解析：(從第1‘09“開始，原文重現(xiàn)： What would some of the drawbacks… Ancient Arctic societies were nomadic…So if people were moving around all the time, well, the pots would probably keep breaking…Ceramic cooking vessels can’t be transported easily.)
B選項的moving from place to place 對應原文的nomadic, 題干的關鍵詞break對應如上所示的原文中的breaking。故B選項正確。

3. Why does the professor mention that the Arctic climate is cold and wet? 【題型】 組織結構題
A To explain why ancient Arctic people found warm food appealing
B To explain why ancient Arctic people required a diet that was rich in meat
C To explain the difficulties of manufacturing pottery in such a climate
D To explain why some foods could not be stored in clay pots
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：climate , cold and wet

解析：(從第1‘41“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：Warm, dry locations work best for this of course…So you can see the role that climate would play in whether or not ancient people created and used ceramic cooking… manufacturing pottery would have been a challenge, actually quite difficult for people in the Arctic.)
上文出現(xiàn)了題干的關鍵詞climate. 選項C中的difficulties對應上文的challenge以及difficult，所以C選項正確。

4. What does the professor imply about ancient Arctic people’s food preferences? 【題型】推理題
A They liked raw foods better than minimaIly cooked foods.
B They enjoyed eating foods that had been prepared in contrasting ways.
C Their preferences changed dramatically over time.
D They liked foods cooked in ceramic vessels better than foods cooked in other types of containers.
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：imply, food preference

解析：(從第3‘10“開始，原文重現(xiàn)：Although the diet…cooked food, …it was based on an interplay of contrasts, …)
選項B中的contrasting對應上文的contrasts，故B選項正確。

5. According to the professor, why did ancient Arctic people cook using small fires?(Click on 2 answers) 【題型】細節(jié)題
A Their pottery could not withstand intense heat.
B Small fires made it easier to control cooking speed.
C Cooking had to be done indoors.
D Fuel was difficult to obtain.
答案：CD
破題關鍵詞匯：small fire

解析：(從第3‘56“開始，原文重現(xiàn)： Well, first of all, wood for cooking fires was in short supply…food had to be prepared inside, indoors most of the year. Therefore, fires had to be small, and cooking methods had to be efficient.)
C選項的indoors對應上文的prepared inside, indoors. D選項的difficult to obtain對應上文的wood was in short supply. 故CD選項正確。

6. Why does the student say this: 【題型】功能題(重聽題)
A He wants to make sure the professor is referring to the past and not the present.
B He does not understand why making ceramics in the Arctic is considered challenging.
C He thinks the fact that ancient Arctic people made ceramics requires some explanation.
D He does not believe the ancient Arctic people actually made ceramics.
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：why

解析：(從第2‘03“開始，原文重現(xiàn)： But you’re saying they did make ceramic cooking pots.)
學生用了轉折詞but和強調助動詞did來說明教授說過Arctic people確實用過ceramic cooking pots. 他的目的就是讓教授對所說的話給予一定的解釋。故C選項正確。

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