托福TPO45閱讀真題解析：Passage 3

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO45閱讀真題解析：Passage 3。

托福TPO45閱讀Passage 3真題解析 【在線咨詢】

Microscopes The Beringia Landscape

1. The word "remnants" in the passage is closest in meaning 【詞匯題】
A remains
B evidence
C results
D reminders
答案：A

解析：remnants殘余，殘留。對應A選項remains， 殘余，遺骸。
evidence證據(jù)。 results 結果。reminder提醒。

2. The word "domain" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A field of expertise
B challenge
C interest
D responsibility
答案：A

解析：domain領域。對應A選項field of expertise， 專業(yè)領域。
challenge挑戰(zhàn)。interest興趣。 responsibility責任。

3. According to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of the Beringian landscape EXCEPT. 【否定事實信息題】
A There was little vegetation.
B The mammal species there all survived into modern versions.
C The climate was drier than it is today.
D There were mountains with glaciers.
答案：B

解析：B選項的all過于絕對，與原文的This land mass supported… and somewhat modern versions of caribou…中的somewhat的表述不符。
A選項對應原文的sparse vegetation. C選項對應原文的They need landscapes with strong winds that remove the winter snows, exposing the dry grasses beneath. D選項是原文glaciated mountains的同義替換。

4. The purpose of paragraph 3 is to 【修辭目的題】
A contrast today’s Beringian landscape with other landscapes in the American continent
B describe the Beringian landscape during the last ice age
C explain why so many Beringian species became extinct during the last ice age
D summarize the information about Beringia that historians agree on
答案：B

解析：第3段主要就是描述last ice age期間的Beringian的景色，故B選項正確。A選項的contrast原文沒有提到。C選項的explain的內容原文沒有提到。D選項并沒有對historians所同義的information進行summarize.

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5. The word "continuous” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A unpredictable
B very cold
C dangerous
D uninterrupted
答案：D

解析：continuous 持續(xù)的。D選項的uninterrupted意為連續(xù)的、不間斷的。符合continuous在原文的語境。unpredictable不可預知的，very cold 很寒冷的， dangerous危險的。

6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡化題】
A According to biologist Dale Guthrie, mammal species require broad areas of vegetation to survive.
B Dale Guthrie is an Arctic biologist who argued that broad areas of dense vegetation were surely enough to attract mammals such as mammoth, horse, and bison to Beringia.
C Dale Guthrie argued that Beringia, though cold and dry, must have had enough dense vegetation to support the herds of mammoth, horse, and bison that lived there.
D As long as Beringia was cold and dry, argued Dale Guthrie, dense vegetation grew in order to support the herds of mammoth, horse, and bison—the mammal species present there.
答案：C

解析：原句的邏輯while表示讓步，句子核心：哺乳動物的存在讓Dale認為即使cold and dry, 也一定有vegetation support 那些哺乳動物。C選項句子對應原句的兩個核心，though的邏輯關系正確，因此C選項正確。

7. According to paragraph 4，Guthrie believes that the teeth of ice-age fauna support which of the following conclusions? 【事實信息題】
A Large mammals would not have been able to survive in the Beringian landscape.
B Grasslands were part of the Beringian landscape.
C Strong winds exposed dry grasses under the snow.
D Horses and bison did not have the ability to search for food through deep snow cover..
答案：B

解析：此題根據(jù)關鍵詞teeth, ice-age fauna定位到原文的nearly all of the ice-age fauna had teeth that indicate an adaptation to grasses and sedges. 此句中的indicate對應題干的support, B選項的grassland對應句中的an adaptation to grasses and sedges。故B選項正確。

8. According to paragraph 4，which of the following statements is true of the relationship between ice- age Benngian animals and their environment? 【事實信息題】
A When present in sufficient quantities, lichens and mosses provide enough nutrients to satisfy the needs of herds of large mammals.
B The anatomy of certain animals present in that environment provides information about the intensity of winds there at that time.
C The structure of the teeth of most ice-age fauna indicates that they preyed on animals such as the mammoth, horse, and bison.
D Horses and bison are large enough that their feet can easily penetrate deep snow and uncover areas where they can feed on plant material.
答案：B

解析：A選項的表述與原文They could not have been supported by a modern flora of mosses and lichens的表述不符。B選項對應原文的Guthrie has…the landscape must have been subject to intense and continuous winds, …through deep snow cover. C 選項對應原文的…ice-age fauna had teeth that indicate…,但是選項中indicates的內容與原文不符。D選項的large enough… feet can easily penetrate的表述與原文 do not have the ability…的表述不符，錯誤。

9. In paragraph 5, the amount of pollen in Beringian lake sediments from the last ice age is used to explain 【修辭目的題】
A how long the ice age lasted
B how important pollen is as a source of food
C how many different kinds of plants produce pollen
D how little vegetation must have been present at that time
答案：D

解析：根據(jù)原文第5段可知，Paul Colinvaux對pollen的含量做出分析的原因就是為了說明在last ice age時期，vegetation是非常少的。故D選項正確。

10. According to paragraph 5, how did Dale Guthrie use the information about radiocarbon analysis of bones from Benngian deposits? 【事實信息題】
A To suggest that Colinvaux should have used different methods to measure the amount of pollen in ice-age lake sediments
B To argue that the large Beringian mammals must have eaten plants that produce little, if any, pollen
C To show that the conclusions that Colinvaux drew from the analysis of pollen in ice-age lake sediments cannot be correct
D To explain why so-called polar deserts are incapable of supporting such large animals as mammoth, horse, and bison
答案：C

解析： 根據(jù)原文，Dale Guthrie是反對Paul Colinvaux所得出的in no way was it possible that this region could have supported large herds of mammals結論的。因為Dale Guthrie從對一些動物的radiocarbon的分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)：mammoth, horse and bison bones是確實存在于intense glaciation時期的，也就是他認為Paul Colinvaux的結論是錯誤的，故C選項正確。

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11. The word "plausible" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A preferable
B practical
C reasonable
D advantageous
答案：C

解析：plausible意為貌似有理的， C選項的reasonable是合理的，符合語境。
preferable 更可取的，更合意的。 practical實際的。 advantageous有優(yōu)勢的。

12. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 6 ? 【事實信息題】
A Two contrasting views are presented, and a study that could decide between them is proposed
B An argument is offered, and reasons both for and against the argument are presented
C A claim is made, and a study supporting the claim is described
D New information is presented, and the information is used to show that two competing explanations can each be seen as correct in some way.
答案：D

解析：第6段先明確說recent studies resulted in new findings. 然后又說the first… as was predicted by Guthrie. 即說明此發(fā)現(xiàn)是與Guthrie的觀點吻合。之后又說But…., a finding supporting some of the arguments of Colinvaux.也就是說此發(fā)現(xiàn)也說明Colinvaux的部分觀點也是對的。因此D選項正確。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
Nevertheless, large animals managed to survive in Beringia.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案：B

解析：插入的句子中Nevertheless表示轉折，A處的句子說明在Beringia地區(qū)的環(huán)境是非常forbidding(惡劣的)， 插入句說“不管怎樣，大型到你動物還是設法在Beringia地區(qū)生存了下來”，正好與A處的表述構成轉折且下文的C處和D處具體說明了大型動物是如何生存的。故插入B處正確。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
During the last ice age, human hunters pursued large mammals across Beringia, a land whose climatic characteristics have been in dispute.
Answer Choices
Strong evidence indicates that large mammals like mammoth and bison survived in the harsh ice-age Beringian landscape.
Carnivores such as the saber-tooth cat were primarily responsible for the disappearance of the largest of the grazing animals, but the harsh winters caused some grazers to die of starvation.
The discovery that grasses, sedges, and mosses survived under the thick ash from a large volcanic eruption proved that the ice-age Benngian plant cover was extremely resistant to climatic extremes.
Benngian mammals crossed easily from northeastern Asia to Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge, though there are indications that they usually went back to Asia for the brief, but warm, summers.
Analyses of ice-age sediments uncovered very small amounts of pollen, suggesting that Benngia lacked the quantity of vegetation needed to support large herds of mammals.
Recent discoveries suggest that shallow-rooted plants created a fairly continuous cover over ice-age Beringia, though the cover most likely was variable and uncertain in any one location.
答案：AEF

解析：A選項對應原文的Guthrie has argued… pointing out that….,故為正確選項。
B選項說saber-tooth cat 對grazing animals的disapperance負責，這點與原文的These grazers supported… a saber-tooth cat…的表述不符。
C選項的was extremely resistant to的說法錯誤。
D選項的usually went back to Asia的說法無中生有。
E選項對應原文He found that the amount of…故為正確選項。
F選項對應原文Investigations of the plants found…故為正確選項。

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