劍七雅思閱讀真題解析：農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展

做過劍橋雅思閱讀真題7的同學(xué)應(yīng)該對(duì)《The True Cost of Food》這篇文章并不陌生，里面有很多涉及農(nóng)業(yè)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。而大家也都理解農(nóng)業(yè)是和我們的生活息息相關(guān)的，事關(guān)溫飽這一最基本的人類生存問題。

此外，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展和科技進(jìn)步息息相關(guān)，雅思寫作中科技環(huán)境類的主題也并不鮮見，自然也會(huì)涉及到食品、農(nóng)業(yè)等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

既然那么重要，各位小伙伴們，沒打算從我們的雅思閱讀中汲取點(diǎn)營養(yǎng)么？今天，張楠老師為大家解析雅思閱讀真題中“農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展”。

下面我們一起來精讀雅思閱讀真題中《The True Cost of Food》中非常有借鑒意義的一段，即44頁B段。   【在線咨詢】

First mechanization, then mass use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, then monoculture, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering -- the onward march of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half-century, as the yields of produce have soared. But the damage it has caused has been colossal. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even ore wild flowers and insects. This is a direct result of the hedgerows, thousands of ponds, have disappeared from the landscape. The facial filth of salmon farming has driven wild salmon from many of the sea loaches and rivers of Scotland. Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertilizer and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertilizer run-off.

雅思閱讀真題第一句當(dāng)中提到intensive farming這么一個(gè)術(shù)語，意思是集約式農(nóng)業(yè)，是農(nóng)業(yè)隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)展的一個(gè)階段，我們來看看英文中是如何解釋的呢：Intensive farming or intensive agriculture also known as industrial agriculture is characterized by a low fallow ratio and higher use of inputs such as capital and labour per unit land area. This is in contrast to traditional agriculture in which the inputs per unit land are lower. 從中我們可以知道intensive farming, intensive agriculture, industrial agriculture其實(shí)是一樣的意思，那么你在寫作的時(shí)候是不是就可以替換了呢？

此外，B段的第一句中還介紹了農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的不同階段，從中可知基因工程是目前比較前沿的技術(shù)，是不是覺得讀了這些，自己對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的了解瞬間升級(jí)了而且相關(guān)詞匯也增加了？那這些信息寫作的時(shí)候有沒有想著用進(jìn)去呢？此處應(yīng)該有掌聲···

雅思閱讀真題第二句到段尾著重介紹了intensive farming帶來的負(fù)面影響。尤其是第三句中舉了很多鳥類的例子，比如skylark（云雀）、grey partridge（灰鷓鴣）等。這些都是隨著農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，而逐漸消失在人們視線中的自然界的生物。這段的最后一句寫到由于化肥和殺蟲劑的持續(xù)使用天然突然的肥力下降，化肥的泄露導(dǎo)致了湖中藻類的大量繁殖。那當(dāng)我們寫到技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)環(huán)境帶來的危害的時(shí)候，這些例子都是很好的素材，不是么？

請(qǐng)大家要記得一點(diǎn)，就是舉例子的時(shí)候其實(shí)是你充分展示自己高大上詞匯的絕佳時(shí)機(jī)，所以平時(shí)要做個(gè)有心人，看到可以用的記到自己的素材本上。用雅思閱讀來應(yīng)對(duì)雅思寫作是不是很爽呢？

雅思閱讀真題參考詞匯：
fertilizer (n.) 肥料 chemical fertilizer 化肥
pesticide (n.) 殺蟲劑
insecticide (n.) 殺蟲劑
herbicide (n.) 除草劑
genetic engineering (n.) 基因工程，遺傳工程
intensive farming，intensive agriculture，industrial agriculture (n.) 集約式農(nóng)業(yè)
vanish（v.）消失 文中的另一個(gè)同近義詞 disappear（v.）
colossal (adj.) 巨大的，非常的
traditional agriculture (n.) 傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)

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如果你對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)這個(gè)話題感興趣，我們?cè)倏纯磜ikipedia上關(guān)于intensive farming還有什么相關(guān)內(nèi)容：  【在線咨詢】

Intensive crop agriculture is characterised by innovations designed to increase yield. Techniques include planting multiple crops per year, reducing the frequency of fallow years and improving cultivars. It also involves increased use of fertilizers, plant growth regulators, pesticides and mechanization, controlled by increased and more detailed analysis of growing conditions, including weather, soil, water, weeds and pests.

This system is supported by ongoing innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, genetic technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale, logistics and data collection and analysis technology. Intensive farms are widespread in developed nations and increasingly prevalent worldwide. Most of the meat, dairy, eggs, fruits and vegetables available in supermarkets are produced by such farms.

雅思閱讀真題參考詞匯：
fallow （n.）休耕地，休耕；（adj.）休耕的，不活躍的；（vt.）使（土地）休耕
cultivar（n.）培育植物，栽培變種
mechanization (n.) 機(jī)械化
innovation (n.) 創(chuàng)新，革新
genetic technology (n.) 基因技術(shù)
economies of scale (n.) 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)
sustainable (adj.) 可持續(xù)的
widespread (adj.) 廣泛的，廣泛分布的

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