托福TPO47閱讀真題解析：Passage 2

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Roman Cultural Influence on Britain

托福TPO47閱讀Passage 2 ——Paragraph 1  【在線咨詢】

1. The word “mundane” in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. material
B. ordinary
C. valued
D. useful
答案：B

解析：mundane, 平凡的世俗的。B選項普通的，為同義替換，所以B選項正確。

2. Paragraph 1 suggests that one benefit for British natives in buying such items as red-gloss pottery made in Gaul was【推理題】
A. improved quality of utilitarian items
B. Understanding the symbolism of Classical mythology
C. higher social standing
D. Learning to mass-produce pottery for a profit
答案：C

解析：原文The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery form Gaul.... Mass-produced goods.... Such pieces perhaps first came with officials for their own religious worship; others were then acquired by native leaders as diplomatic gifts or by purchase，說明這些大批量生產(chǎn)的商品諸如紅色陶器，當?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)可以通過外交禮物獲得，當?shù)仄渌�人可以通過購買獲得，所以英國當?shù)厝速徺I這些商品是為了彰顯更高的社會地位，對應(yīng)選項C中：higher social standing。

3. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following ideas about contacts that existed between Britain and the Roman Empire before the Roman conquest of Britain?【推理題】
A. They were sufficient for native Britons to become familiar with everyday Roman objects.
B. They were not sufficient for even very basic aspects of the culture of the Roman Empire to find their way into British life.
C. They were not sufficient for British to have heard of the power of the Roman Empire.
D. They were sufficient for individual Britons to become very interested in trying to participate in the culture of the Roman Empire.
答案：B

解析：原文The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery … probably brought many into contact with the styles and artistic concepts of the Greco-Roman world for the first time, whether or not the symbolism was understood，說明這些商品的涌入讓英國當?shù)厝说谝淮谓佑|到了希臘羅馬文化，所以羅馬征服英國之前，兩國沒有足夠的接觸，英國人甚至不了解最基本的羅馬文化，對應(yīng)選項B中：… not sufficient … basic … culture … Roman Empire … British life。

托福TPO47閱讀Passage 2 ——Paragraph 2  【在線咨詢】

In the most extreme instances, natives literally bought the whole package of Roman culture. The Fishbourne villa, built in the third quarter of the first century A.D., probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions. It was constructed in the latest Italian style with imported marbles and stylish mosaics. It was lavishly furnished with imported sculptures and other Classical objects. A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire, not at all provincial in taste. Even if those from the traditional families looked down on him, they would have been unable to dismiss him as uncultured. Although exceptional, this demonstrates how new cultural symbols bound provincials to the identify of the Roman world.

4. The word “lavishly” in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. exclusively
B. additionally
C. appropriately
D. richly
答案：D

解析：lavishly, 奢華地。D選項華麗地，為同義替換，所以D選項正確。

5. According to paragraph 2, the style and furnishings of the Fishbourne villa suggest that the person for whom it was built was【推理題】
A. cultured according to the contemporary standards of the empire
B. caught between native and Roman traditions
C. originally a visitor from Rome
D. a member of a socially inferior family
答案：A

解析：原文The Fishbourne villa … probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions .… A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire….，說明Fishbourne別墅的主人，當?shù)刂�王Cogidubnus，已經(jīng)完全被羅馬同時代的文化標準所同化，對應(yīng)選項A中：cultured … the contemporary standards of the empire。別墅主人是當?shù)刂�王，C選項錯在visitor，D選項錯在visitor。別墅主人已經(jīng)完全被羅馬化，B選項錯在native。

托福TPO47閱讀Passage 2 ——Paragraph 3  【在線咨詢】

Such examples established a standard to be copied. One result was an influx of craft worker, particularly those skilled in artistic media like stone-carving which had not existed before the conquest. Civilian workers came mostly from Gaul and Germany. The magnificent temple built beside the sacred spring at Bath was constructed only about twenty years after the conquest. Its detail shows that it was carved by artists from northeast Gaul. In the absence of a tradition of Classical stone-carving and building, the desire to develop Roman amenities would have been difficult to fulfill. Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area. Local workshops did develop and stylistically similar groups of sculpture show how skills in this new medium became widerspread. Likewise skills in the use of mosaic, wall painting, ceramic decoration, and metal-working developed throughout the province with the eventual emergence of characteristically Romano-British styles.

6. The word “sacred” in the passage is closet in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. holy
B. ancient
C. natural
D. Secret
答案：A

解析：sacred, 神圣的。A選項神圣的，為同義替換，所以A選項正確。

7. According to paragraph 3, one factor contributing to success of the earliest Roman-style construction projects in Britain was【事實信息題】
A. the fact that long before the conquest many civilian workers from Gaul and Germany had settled in Britain
B. the rapid development of characteristically Romano-British styles
C. the availability, in northeast Gaul, of structures that could serve as standards to be copied
D. the use, by administrators, of personal connections to bring craft workers form Gaul into contact with Britons
答案：D

解析：原文Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area，說明最早羅馬風(fēng)格的建筑之所以成功是因為管理者利用個人關(guān)系讓許多Gaul的建筑師和石匠來到英國，對應(yīng)選項D中：the use, by administrators, of personal connections to bring craft workers form Gaul into contact with Britons。

托福TPO47閱讀Passage 2 ——Paragraph 4 【在線咨詢】

This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.

8. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that “Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region”?【組織結(jié)構(gòu)題】
A. To suggest that the Roman conquest of Britain increased the standard of living for natives
B. To indicate that pre-Roman Britain was more interested in festivals and community life than conquering other regions
C. To explain why architecture during this period was not built to be particularly large
D. To illustrate how the traditional roundhouse evolved under the influence of Roman civil architecture
答案：C

解析：原文On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities，說明當時建筑比較小的原因是人們活動范圍比較小，對應(yīng)選項C中：To explain why architecture … not built … large。

9. The word “modest” in the passage in closet in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. comfortable
B. limited in number
C. poorly lit
D. not large
答案：D

解析：modest, 適度的較小的。D選項不是大的，為同義替換，所以D選項正確。

10. According to paragraph 4, people in pre-Roman Britain lived, for the most part, in【事實信息題】
A. architecture that seemed imperial in size
B. small communities
C. large roundhouses
D. fortified towns
答案：B

解析：原文On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities，說明羅馬征服英國之前，人們都住在小的社區(qū)里，對應(yīng)選項B中：small communities。

11. According to paragraph 4, why did straight lines in buildings and settlements emphasize the dominance of those who introduced them ?【事實信息題】
A. Because straight lines were in contrast to the shapes found in pre-Roman architecture
B. Because unlike curved lines, which are shaped in all sorts of different ways, straight lines do no differ
C. Because the dominant lines in entire settlements were the same as those in individual buildings
D. Because building and settlements were easier to construct when the dominant lines were straight lines
答案：A

解析：原文Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm，說明直線之所以體現(xiàn)羅馬權(quán)威是因為英國當?shù)亟ㄖ�都是曲線型的，對應(yīng)選項A中：Because straight lines were in contrast to the shapes found in pre-Roman architecture。

12. According to paragraph 4, buildings from the pre-Roman period differed sharply from buildings reflection Roman civil architecture in each of the following respects EXCEPT【否定事實信息題】
A. their outside and inside dimensions
B. the impact they had on people
C. the geometric shapes in which they were built
D. the positioning of buildings in clusters
答案：D

解析：原文The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing，說明建筑尺寸變大，對應(yīng)選項A中：dimensions;原文Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines … since … a marked contrast with … curvilinear shapes … native realm，說明幾何形狀不同，對應(yīng)選項C中：the geometric shapes;原文… subject peoples … made to feel small by buildings … imperial power，說明建筑對人的影響不同，對應(yīng)選項B中：impact。沒有提到位置，所以選擇D選項。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.【句子插入題】
Practical and unimpressive, most were barely taller than the average adult.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region. On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. [■] But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant. The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. [■] This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. [■] Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.[■]
答案：A

解析：待插入句子意為，大多數(shù)都非常實用普通，比成年人略高。可以推出這句句子在形容羅馬征服英國之前房子的情況。從A處But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant之后都是羅馬征服英國之后房子的情況，所以待插入句子只能放在A處。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 3 points.【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT.
The conquest of Britain by the Roman Empire resulted in significant cultural change.
Answer Choices
A. New objects entering Britain ranged from mass-produced articles for everyday use to works of art, and they were widely-and enthusiastically-accepted by native Britons.
B. Constructing and furnishing buildings in the Roman style required skills that native workers did not at first have, so workers were brought in from other parts of the empire.
C. Native Britons traveled to Gaul to learn Classical stone-carving and building techniques.
D. The conquest was followed by a building boom, and enough villas and temples in the Italian style were built that a visitor from Rome would have felt quite at home in post-conquest Britain.
E. An important symbol of Roman supremacy was Roman architecture, whose enormous size, emphasized by the use of straight lines, made the natives feel insignificant.
F. Characteristically Romano-British concepts took hold in architecture; roundhouses were built much larger than before, and straight lines began to be used in interior spaces.
答案：ABE

解析：文章首先介紹被羅馬征服后的英國開始接觸并追崇羅馬產(chǎn)品，對應(yīng)選項A中：New objects entering Britain …, … widely-and enthusiastically-accepted by native Britons;然后再介紹許多羅馬建筑師來到英國建造房子，對應(yīng)選項B中：… Roman style required skills …, so workers were brought in from … empire，文章最后介紹羅馬建筑的直線型體現(xiàn)權(quán)威，對應(yīng)選項E中：…symbol of Roman supremacy … architecture, … size, … straight lines, … natives … insignificant。是羅馬建筑師來到英國，選項C錯在Britons traveled to Gaul。選項D錯在a visitor from Rome太過細節(jié)。直線是為了體現(xiàn)權(quán)威，選項F錯在straight lines … interior spaces。

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