【GMAT句子改錯(cuò)】修飾語(yǔ)與時(shí)態(tài)的二三事

GMAT句子改錯(cuò)：APPOSITIVE MODIFIERS(同位語(yǔ)修飾)

  *set off by commas
  *consist of just a NOUN (or a NOUN + MODIFIERS)

1.必然會(huì)有一個(gè)逗號(hào)2.由一個(gè)名詞（和其修飾語(yǔ)）來(lái)構(gòu)成

我們先來(lái)看6個(gè)正確的句子SIX CORRECT SENTENCES:

I went to the bar with Mr. Smith, a consultant from Fresno. （此處a consultant from Fresno是Mr. Smith的同位語(yǔ)）

The plover gets its food by cleaning the mouth of the crocodile, a reptile that could eat the bird at any time. （此處a reptile that could eat the bird at any time是crocodile的同位語(yǔ)）

I went to the bar with Mr. Smith, an outing that was far more fun than staying at work. ( modifies the whole clause) （此處an outing that was far more fun than saying at work并不是Mr. Smith的同位語(yǔ)，而是修飾整句話）

The plover gets its food by cleaning the mouth of the crocodile, a relationship benefits both animals. (此處a relationship benefits both animals顯然不是crocodile的同位語(yǔ)，而是修飾前面一句話)

On Sunday our company will hold its annual field day, an outing at which employees drink beers, play softball, and relax. （同樣是在修飾一整句話）

Today’s math lesson introduces the direct proportion, a relationship in which one variable is a constant multiple of another.

從上面的例子可以看出，同位語(yǔ)不僅可以修飾前面緊跟這的一個(gè)具體的名詞，同時(shí)還可以修飾整句話。那么具體和抽象就是是指什么呢？請(qǐng)看如下解釋：

CONCRETE vs ABSTRACT

If the appositive is CONCRETE, it MUST modify the PRECEDING NOUN.

If the appositive is ABSTRACT, it CAN (NOT MUST) modify the WHOLE IDEA OF THE PERCEDING CLAUSE. *BUT* if the PRECEDING NOUN is ALSO an abstraction, then these can also modify the preceding noun.

CONCRETE is a description used to describe items/people/things/ that you can actually detect with your senses. e.g. things you can touch/hear/hold in your hand/smell etc.

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GMAT句子改錯(cuò)：VERB TENSE

時(shí)態(tài)在GMAT考試中，也是一個(gè)很重要的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，在考慮時(shí)態(tài)方面，不需要考生去分析語(yǔ)法，思考 “內(nèi)容，發(fā)生事件，時(shí)間”三個(gè)點(diǎn)足矣。

GRAMMER only determines whether something should be VERB or NOT VERB. But, once you you’ve determined that you need a verb, the MEANING/CONTEXT of the sentence is the sole determination of the verb tense.
   In picking verb tenses, you only have to think about CONTEXT and WHAT IS HAPPENING, WHEN.in the sentence (i.e. meaning). You don’t have to analyze grammar.
   Many of our students don’t like to consider the meaning of the sentence!

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：
PRESENT TENSE
This tense is used to:
State general truths;
Present general action/states that are not fixed in any particular timeframe;
Or present general STATES (NOT ACTION) that are currently true.
It is NOT used for actions that are specifically ongoing in the present timeframe.

我們來(lái)看下正確對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài)正確運(yùn)用的例子：

Correct Uses of Present Tense:

1. Blood circulates through the arteries and veins of the human body. (general truth)
2. When the bulldogs play home games, they wear white jerseys; when they play away games, they wear red jerseys. (general actions that don’t have a fixed timeframe)

再來(lái)看下時(shí)態(tài)用錯(cuò)的反例：

Incorrect Use of Present Tense:

Although inflation currently increases, it will eventually return to its normal level. (In context, this is something that’s actually taking place in the present; therefore, the proper writhing is Although inflation is currently increasing.)（通過(guò)currently這個(gè)詞可以判斷是正在發(fā)生，因此應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行而不是一般現(xiàn)在）

我們?cè)賮?lái)看下不同的時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)句子意思的改變：

In 1987, Smith first observed that the Cuyahoga River was full of pollution.
This is correct if the river is no longer full of pollution.
e.g. In 1987 I first learned that the Soviet Union WAS a communist state.

In 1987, Smith first observed that the Cuyahoga River is full of pollution.
This is correct if the river still has pollution in it (and pretty much will forever)
e.g. In 1987 I first learned that the sun RISES in the east.

以上是新通外語(yǔ)王杰老師為大家分享的【GMAT句子改錯(cuò)】修飾語(yǔ)與時(shí)態(tài)的二三事，希望對(duì)GMAT考生有所幫助。

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