同義替換是雅思聽(tīng)力選擇題一個(gè)�？嫉目键c(diǎn)。同義替換經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在對(duì)選項(xiàng)的替換上，以此來(lái)干擾我們做題。我選取了劍4 Test 2 Section1的這篇聽(tīng)力來(lái)解釋一下三種同義替換的情況。
1. 詞的同義替換
最常見(jiàn)的同義替換是同義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，也就是原文中出現(xiàn)的單詞與選項(xiàng)中的單詞意思相同或相近。原文沒(méi)有原樣出現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中的詞，而改用這些詞的同義詞，以此來(lái)干擾考生做題。例如C4T2S1中的這道題：
>>What do Peter and Sally decide to order?
A. food and drinks B. just food C. just drinks
下面兩句話(huà)是原文中對(duì)應(yīng)這道題目答案的對(duì)話(huà)：
-- Yes, here's the waitress. Let's order. Do you want something to eat? Or should we just have a drink?
-- Well. I'm hungry. And we've got a lot of sightseeing to do. So let's just have a snack and drink.
有的同學(xué)聽(tīng)到了drink，就選擇了C。但其實(shí)對(duì)話(huà)中出現(xiàn)的snack意思是零食，snack和food兩個(gè)詞意思相近，指代的基本是同一個(gè)東西，所以?xún)烧咄x替換，snack and drink就是food and drink，答案應(yīng)該選A。
另一道也是這篇聽(tīng)力中的一道題，但替換的內(nèi)容相對(duì)復(fù)雜一些。
>>What does Peter want to drink?
A. tea B. coffee C. a cold drink
原文中對(duì)應(yīng)答案的對(duì)話(huà)是這樣的:
-- You look very hot and tired. What would you like to drink?
-- I'd love really chilled mineral water or something.
chilled mineral water意思是冷的礦泉水，選項(xiàng)C是指一種冷的飲料，兩者意義一致，所以答案選C。這道題雖然把選項(xiàng)中的三個(gè)單詞都替換了，但意思是一樣的，體現(xiàn)了聽(tīng)力考試中的同義替換的考點(diǎn)。
2. 句的統(tǒng)一替換
另一種同義替換不但把詞匯替換了，而且需要結(jié)合句子的理解來(lái)完成。同樣是出自C4T2S1中的一道題目：
>>What caused Peter problems at the bank?
A. the exchange rate was down B. he was late C. the computers weren’t working
原文的這段對(duì)話(huà)比較長(zhǎng)：
-- Why are you so late? Did something happen?
-- Yes. You know I went to the bank to cash something traveller's cheques. Well the exchange rate was looking very healthy but I went to the teller they told me that the computer system was temporarily down. So they couldn't do any transactions. They said the problem would be fixed in a few minutes so I waited. And then I started talking to another guy in the bank and I forgot the time.
對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的句子是the computer system was temporarily down，意思是電腦系統(tǒng)臨時(shí)壞了，這與選項(xiàng)C電腦不能工作了是一樣的。這是需要理解這個(gè)由多個(gè)單詞組成的句子之后才能做出的選擇，相對(duì)第一種詞匯的同義替換來(lái)說(shuō)更難一些。
3. 舉例
還有一種同義替換是原文出現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)中的某一種情況，就是說(shuō)選項(xiàng)是一個(gè)較大的范圍，而原文提到了這種范圍里的某一個(gè)情況。比如C4T2S1中的這道題：
>>Who did Peter talk to at the bank?
A. an old friend B. an American man C. a German man
原文是這樣說(shuō)的：
-- Oh, really? Someone you met in the bank. Does he work there?
-- No, he was a tourist, from New York. His name is Henry. And he's been here for a week, but he's moving on to Germany tomorrow.
原文中的from New York就是選項(xiàng)B的美國(guó)人的一種舉例情況。這也是一種同義替換的形式。
以上是三類(lèi)同義替換的情況，在做選擇題的時(shí)候要特別小心題目這樣的“陷阱“，可能原文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)與選項(xiàng)一模一樣的詞，但他們的意思是一致的，這時(shí)候很容易因?yàn)槁┞?tīng)而錯(cuò)過(guò)答案。平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)需要結(jié)合聽(tīng)力文本積累同義詞和同義句，最好能把題目中碰到過(guò)的有相似意思的單詞整理在一起，集中復(fù)習(xí)。
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