雅思寫(xiě)作技巧：雅思寫(xiě)作成文篇——借力打力，善用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　其實(shí)，讓雅思考生最頭疼的一件事是，不管自己聽(tīng)了多少課讀了多少本書(shū)，雅思寫(xiě)作提高就像蝸牛攀墻一樣慢。這對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生尤其如此。很多考生反映，到了一個(gè)瓶頸以后，似乎很難再往上提高。為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？這是因?yàn)閷?xiě)作是很難自查的，即使平時(shí)自己練了很多，還是不知道自己的錯(cuò)誤在哪里。自己準(zhǔn)備雅思的考生是基本上沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)讓專(zhuān)業(yè)的寫(xiě)作老師批改的，而參加大班的考生能夠批改的機(jī)會(huì)也不多，因此在一對(duì)一課堂里，考生有了更多的機(jī)會(huì)讓老師幫助自己從這四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的角度精確修改文章。但同時(shí)，我在課堂上也會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)要考生自己了解這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，做到心中有數(shù)。即便課程結(jié)束了，自己依然可以用四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)自己的文章進(jìn)行修改。四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本是雅思官方設(shè)來(lái)評(píng)判考生文章的手段，即是對(duì)方的"力"，雖然來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶，但只要我們只要把評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)做制勝關(guān)鍵，運(yùn)用每一項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)檢查自己習(xí)作，進(jìn)而得到提高與進(jìn)步，借力打力，便可在大作文上取得完勝。

　　四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別是:對(duì)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)的回應(yīng)情況;連貫與銜接;詞匯資源語(yǔ)法的多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性。毋庸置疑考生的文章在每一方面都要做到盡善盡美才有可能拿高分。出于這個(gè)原因，雅思寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)書(shū)都會(huì)從這次個(gè)方面入手，教學(xué)生如何達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。誠(chéng)然，這些方法的教授對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)是有必要的，但雅思寫(xiě)作的難處在于，"掌握方法"和"運(yùn)用方法"是完全不同的兩回事。

　　基于上述原因，本文詳細(xì)解讀如何用四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量和修改一篇學(xué)生習(xí)作。下表是各項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自查項(xiàng)目，學(xué)生平時(shí)練習(xí)寫(xiě)作后可運(yùn)用此表進(jìn)行自查，進(jìn)而完善與提高，做到"借力打力"。

對(duì)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)的回應(yīng)情況 連貫與銜接 詞匯資源 語(yǔ)法多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性 文章首段是否是題目的改寫(xiě) 文章每一段是否至少有一個(gè)銜接詞（如because, therefore, moreover） 文章中同一個(gè)詞是否出現(xiàn)了多次 時(shí)態(tài)是否正確 文章正文段與末尾段是否與首段提出的觀點(diǎn)一致 銜接詞是否使用正確（注意查用法和詞義） 詞性是否正確（如“經(jīng)濟(jì)在發(fā)展”一句中經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)用economy這一名詞而不是economic這一形容詞） 標(biāo)點(diǎn)是否正確（兩個(gè)完整句之間若沒(méi)有連詞中間一定是句號(hào)） 文章正文段討論的是否是題目的觀點(diǎn) 正文段之間是否有銜接手段。 文中是否有過(guò)多口語(yǔ)詞匯（very, gonna, many可以分別改為extremely, will, a vast number/amount of） 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否裸用（employer不可單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，必須是the/an employer或者是變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)employers）

　　下文是學(xué)生的一片習(xí)作，希望考生看完修改過(guò)程，今后自己也能用相同方法修改自己的文章。

　　題目：Electronic dictionaries are increasingly popular among students, especially those majoring in a second language or taking foreign language courses. In your opinion, do the advantages of electronic dictionaries outweigh the disadvantages, or vice versa?

　　文章：

　　As the rapid development of science and technology, we have seen the appearance of lots of new products. They have benefited us in more than one way. Because most of them are advanced, though they have their disadvantages, but their advantages still outweigh the disadvantages.

　　The advantages of electronic dictionaries are many. First, they are very light, but they have more than one million words. A paper dictionary with so many words would be very large and heavy. Electronic dictionaries are also easier to use than paper dictionaries. Electronic dictionaries enable users to find a word in a few seconds by typing in the word. And they offer a long list of features that made them better than paper dictionaries, common features consist a calendar, calculator, alarm clock and memos.

　　The price of electronic dictionaries is no longer a problem. Nowadays, because the number of electronic dictionaries is increasing quickly, the price is not as dear as before. Students can spend a little money to buy a useful electronic dictionary, which is helpful to their study of foreign languages.

　　As tens of millions of electronic dictionary uses would agree, the disadvantages of these devices are offset by their numerous advantages. Students and others will have even more reason to put an electronic dictionary on their shopping list.

　　看完此文，如果要打分，大家心里會(huì)給什么樣的分?jǐn)?shù)呢？其實(shí)這是一篇4分作文。雖然乍看之下，作文里面句子都比較長(zhǎng)，單詞也比較難，但是在考官眼中，如果仔細(xì)比對(duì)四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)此文漏洞百出。那么我們現(xiàn)在運(yùn)用自查表借力打力，找出錯(cuò)誤在哪里（正確的用√表示）。

對(duì)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)的回應(yīng)情況 連貫與銜接 詞匯資源 語(yǔ)法多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性 此文首段在寫(xiě)新產(chǎn)品，但并沒(méi)有提到題目中的關(guān)鍵詞“electronic dictionaries” √文章每一段至少有一個(gè)銜接詞 文章中advantages和disadvantages出現(xiàn)了多次，此文中可換為boons 和banes 時(shí)態(tài)有錯(cuò)誤，如第三段made一詞改為make √文章正文段與末尾段是否與首段提出的觀點(diǎn)一致 第一段“隨著”一詞“as”使用錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)閍s后面只能加句子，而with才可加名詞短語(yǔ) √詞性基本正確 第二段末句標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤，兩個(gè)完整句之間不能用逗號(hào) 文章讓討論優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，但正文段絲毫未提缺點(diǎn)。 正文段之間無(wú)銜接手段。 文中有口語(yǔ)詞匯 many，very √單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有裸用

　　對(duì)比四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之后，在四個(gè)方面分別作出一定修改，修改后文章如下（修改的重點(diǎn)部分用黑體標(biāo)出）：

　　With the rapid development of science and technology, we have seen the proliferationof new products. As a member of the new products, the electronic dictionaries have benefited us in more than one way. Since most of them are sophisticated（精密的), though they have their disadvantages, their merits still outweigh the drawbacks.

　　The advantages of electronic dictionaries are numerous. First, they are portable（易搬動(dòng)的), especially when we consider the vast sizes of the words they contain - up to one million words. A paper dictionary with so many words would be extremely large and cumbersome（笨重的). Second, electronic dictionaries are also easier to use than traditional dictionaries. They enable users to find a word in a few seconds by typing in the word. Third, they offer a long list of features that make them superior to paper dictionaries. Common features consist of a calendar, calculator, alarm clock and memos.

　　Nevertheless, the electronic dictionaries have their limitations. For example, the price of electronic dictionaries is once expensive. As many of them cost over 500RMB, students from rural areas usually cannot afford to buy it even if they need one badly. Another disadvantage of electronic dictionaries is that their batteries must be recharged or replaced very often. What's worse, they often stop working suddenly while one is using it, and this gives much inconvenience to uses.

　　Admittedly, the electronic dictionaries have banes. But in this day and age, the disadvanteges of these devices are offset by their numerous advantages, in that their prices fall in recent years and they have the function of telling the amount of rest battery life. Therefore, students and others will have even more reason to put an electronic dictionary on their shopping list.

　　修改之后，此文基本沒(méi)有硬傷。所以考生在自己練習(xí)之后，也可參照此文方法，從每一項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)入手，分析自己的文章有哪些欠缺，再對(duì)比范文，看看思維方面還可以怎樣改進(jìn)，這樣才能有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。光看文章不練習(xí)，到考場(chǎng)上是找不到感覺(jué)的。但是只練不改，同樣沒(méi)有作用。學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)照四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)判和修改自己的習(xí)作，對(duì)雅思寫(xiě)作的提高會(huì)有立竿見(jiàn)影的效果。