雅思強(qiáng)調(diào)句型講解

一、定義

強(qiáng)調(diào)就是使句子的某一部分比一般情況下顯得更加重要。英語表達(dá)中，要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分，一般可用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中無意義，只起引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的作用。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)，除可用that外，還可換用who（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語指人時(shí)也可用whom）。使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下事項(xiàng)：

1、去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的詞仍能組成一個(gè)完整的句子。這是判斷是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的關(guān)鍵。試比較：

1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.

顯然，句1去掉It is… that …后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，是主語從句；句2去掉It is … that …后，句子變?yōu)閥ou and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一個(gè)表意完整的句子，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。再如：

1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. 

A. that   B. what    C. which    D. this

答案A。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。

2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when    B. that    C. before    D. since

答案D。由強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法可知，該句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。It指時(shí)間，句意為：好幾年我沒有這么高興了。since的意思是“自從那個(gè)時(shí)候起”。

2、如果強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時(shí)，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。

試比較：It was because of the accident why he was late. (誤), 

It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。又如：

1. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site.

A. that    B. when    C. while    D. as

答案A。該題強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是B，考生容易因強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語until midnight而誤選。

2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.

A. that    B. when    C. since    D. as

答案A。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語從句after he got what he had desired，題干意思是“得到他所夢寐以求的東西后他才意識(shí)到一切都不那么重要”。不要誤選B。

3、注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的否定句和疑問句形式，在這方面很容易因弄不清句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯(cuò)選。如:

How did he come here?             強(qiáng)調(diào)how: How was it that he came here?  

Why did he came late?             強(qiáng)調(diào)Why: Why was it that he came late?

1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited. 

A. why it does    B. what he does    C. how it is    D. what it is

答案D。正常語序的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型容易看出，但要注意它的變體。如果把該題變換一下語序：it is what that makes him so excited,不難看出這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)了疑問代詞what，因?yàn)閣onder后賓語從句，故用了陳述語序。

2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when   B. that    C. where    D. before 

答案B。如果去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，該句是一個(gè)“not… until”句型：Jennifer didn’t realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語until she got home，這時(shí)要把主句中的否定詞not放在was之后。

4、強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，that或who后面的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式仍然取決于原句中的主語；be的變化只有is和was兩種形式，如果要表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)將來時(shí)的其它各種形式時(shí)，就用It is…, 表達(dá)過去時(shí)的各種形式時(shí)，用It was….一般要與謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：

1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.

2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.

3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.

4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.

5、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞使用的是現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成/現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)等)，用It is...that...。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞為過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等)，則用It was...that...。如：

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)

It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)

It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)

有時(shí)，be前可使用表示推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：

It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得將這個(gè)秘密泄露出去的。

It might be last night that they did their homework.他們也許是昨晚做完作業(yè)的。

6、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語、賓語、狀語或表語。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該用代動(dòng)詞do及其變形does或did，這三種形式常用在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，以加強(qiáng)語氣。它一般只能強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)。如：

I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。

He does look well. 他的確看起來氣色很好。

You did give me a fright. 你真把我給嚇了一跳。

二、使用此句型時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)

1.原句中的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)等表過去的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí), 用 It was...that... 。屬于表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí), 用 It is... that... 。如:

It is the computer that is doing many jobs. 是計(jì)算機(jī)做了許多工作。

When was it that the Long March started? 長征是在何時(shí)開始的?

2. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分無論是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù), It 后的動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)形式, 即 is或 was。如:

It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打掃完教室的人是他們。

3. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí), It is（was）... 后用 who, whom 或that均可; 指事物或情況時(shí), 通常用 that（一般不用 when, where, which等）。如:

It was yesterday that he saw me in the park. （不可用 when）

It is her whom you should ask. （還可用 who／that）

It was in the street that they quarreled. （不可用 where）

4. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是原句的主語, who／that 后面的謂語在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與原句主語保持一致。如:

It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他們又說又笑的啊。

5. 此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語、方式狀語和以 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。但不能強(qiáng)調(diào)由 since 或 as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句, 也不能強(qiáng)調(diào)由although 和 whereas 引導(dǎo)的句子。如:

It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因?yàn)樗�生病�? 所以我們才決定回家的。

Was it in Beijing you first met him? （＝ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）你第一次見到他時(shí)是在北京嗎?

What is it you want me to do? （＝What is it that you want me to do? ）你究竟要我做什么?

三、使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)要分清以下兩種情況

1. 要分清是主語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。判斷這種句型是主語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，方法是將 It is（was）... that 去掉, 去掉后整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不受其影響的話為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，反之則是主語從句。試比較:

It was yesterday that he met her in the street. （＝Y(jié)esterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰見了她。（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）

It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. （＝That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）據(jù)說他昨天在街上碰見了她。（主語從句）

It is clearly that she speaks. （＝She speaks clearly. ）她說話吐字清楚。（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）

It is clear that she has heard of it. （＝ That she has heard of it is clear. ）顯然她已聽說了這件事。（主語從句）

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