最近的作文批改當(dāng)中經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)同學(xué)們用詞、句型單一，文章冗長卻缺乏生機(jī)。而新托福獨(dú)立寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中一條明顯的要求即“syntactic variety”－ 句型多樣性。無疑，考生對(duì)多樣詞組、句型的適當(dāng)把握，是獲得高分的必要條件之一。下面本文就如何增添寫作句子色彩，簡單列舉兩類。
1. 學(xué)會(huì)使用it 句型
學(xué)生作文中最常見的是建議類 “people should do…”，好一點(diǎn)的有”people are supposed to do…”，用多了主謂賓的結(jié)構(gòu)，難免單調(diào)，不妨轉(zhuǎn)換思維，嘗試“it is necessary for people to do…”“it is reasonable for people to do…”“it is significant for people to do”, 感覺文章明顯生動(dòng)了。例如：it is necessary for the authority to raise the public awareness of environmental protection. (當(dāng)局應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)大眾的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí))
類似的it 句型列舉如下：
It is a fact that …事實(shí)上……
It is common knowledge that… 是常識(shí)……
It is a question that … 是個(gè)問題……
It is certain that …肯定的是……
It is clear/ evident/ apparent that …清楚/明顯是……
It is likely that …很有可能……
It is better that …最好……
It is natural that …很自然的是……
It is rare that…很少見的是……
2. 狀語前置
狀語前置就是把一個(gè)由副詞、介詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或者動(dòng)詞不定式形成的小短語放在句首。這在美式文章中非常常見，很具有情景化，也是使句子跳躍的好方法。例如：
Clearly, this is a more positive alternative for motivating parents and children. （很明顯，有更正面的方法去激勵(lì)家長和小孩。）
Undoubtedly, computers have changed the way individuals interact with each other in American society. （毫無疑問，在美國社會(huì)電腦已經(jīng)改變了人與人交流的方式。）
Not surprisingly, adolescents who are under constant stress in their studies tend to develop behavioral problems. （不出所料，學(xué)習(xí)壓力繁重下的青少年往往會(huì)有行為問題。）
3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)是很常見的美式寫作習(xí)慣，但中文里沒有這樣的語言現(xiàn)象，也常常被學(xué)生忽視。簡單地說，美式寫作常常“被動(dòng)表主動(dòng)”。例如：
It has been confirmed by scientists that prolonged exposure to high levels of noise in modern cities can lead to hearing loss and high blood pressure. （科學(xué)家確定長時(shí)間接觸都市噪音會(huì)導(dǎo)致聽力缺失和高血壓）＊
It is said that... 據(jù)說……
It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It has been proved that... 已證明……
It must be pointed out that... 必須指出的是……
It is commonly believed that... 人們認(rèn)為……
It is demanded that... 按要求……
It is suggested that... 按建議…
希望能給同學(xué)們思路上的啟發(fā)，在托福寫作的路上取得更高分?jǐn)?shù)。
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