相比線、柱、餅、表，許多同學(xué)對流程圖或地圖心存畏懼，所以備考時(shí)也是戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢，分秒不敢懈怠。備考流程圖的關(guān)鍵是什么？
與線圖等常規(guī)圖形不同，流程圖主要考察考生的讀圖及信息連接的能力，要滿足以上要求，寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意：
(1)步驟的清晰性。寫作時(shí)應(yīng)清楚準(zhǔn)確地描述出圖所表達(dá)動作及其意圖。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目的，就應(yīng)注意動詞、句型和時(shí)態(tài)的選取。
a.制作工序圖通常會在圖下方標(biāo)注出一些與圖相關(guān)的動詞或動詞短語，如下圖1（拉到下面例題）的pick the coffee beans等，所以寫作時(shí)一定要充分利用這些動詞，盡量避免使用一些生僻詞匯。有時(shí)為避免重復(fù)，可以使用一些已給詞的同義詞或近義詞進(jìn)行替換，如用collect或gather替換pick。
b.由于大部分工序圖很少會在圖上標(biāo)注人，所以寫作時(shí)多用被動語態(tài)的句型，即：材料+be+動作(過去分詞)+into/by +器具。
c.工序圖表示制作某產(chǎn)品的一般性過程，如圖上無明確標(biāo)注，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)過程的連續(xù)性。簡而言之，注意連接詞及連接手段的使用。
a.表示先后順序的連接詞主要有：首先at first, firstly; 其次then, and then, after then, after that, at the next stage;最后at last, finally等。
b.而想沖刺高分的同學(xué)還應(yīng)掌握連接手段的使用，既能使句子銜接自然，又能避免連接詞重復(fù)。主要有：①…, after which+被動句②…, before being done…兩種具體用法將在范文中體現(xiàn)。
(3)相鄰步驟可合并。
a.制作工序圖通常都會有5到10步，甚至更多，而有些步驟在制作過程及連接上十分緊密，可以將這些相鄰步驟在同一并列句中表示，如下圖中前4步進(jìn)程關(guān)系相連且表達(dá)上也很簡單，所以可寫成：Once coffee beans are picked in the fields when they are ripe, these beans are then dried, roasted and cooled, before being put into a grinding machine, in which the cooled beans are converted into coffee granules.
b.同時(shí)為解決步驟過多描述繁瑣及文章分段問題，可將流程圖按照“準(zhǔn)備？制作完成”原則分成兩個(gè)階段，如下圖前5步可視為“準(zhǔn)備階段”，剩下的6步視為“制作完成階段”。當(dāng)然，也可以將前4步分成一段，故寫作時(shí)在保證制作過程銜接緊密的前提下可以靈活處理分段。
下面是老師在仔細(xì)剖析流程圖考察重點(diǎn)及結(jié)合評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給出的關(guān)于咖啡制作的范文，請同學(xué)們注意文中標(biāo)注的句子及其用法。
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in supermarkets and shops.
The flow chart illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market.
The whole process starts from the collection of coffee beans. Once the beans are picked [1被動句型]when they are ripein the fields, they are then dried, roasted and cooled[2并列句表示相鄰步驟],before being put into a grinding machine [3連接手段②],in which the cooled beans are converted into coffee granules [4非限定從連接相鄰步驟].
At the next stage [5連接詞], the ground coffee is mixed with hot water and the resulting mixture is strained, after which the mixture is frozen and passed through the grinder once again[6連接手段①], Then, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules[7伴隨狀語]. At last, these granules are packed into coffee jarsfor salein supermarkets and stores.
Overall, it is clear that the production of coffee consists of eleven stages, beginning with the picking of coffee beans and ending at the packing stage[8伴隨狀語].
