【必讀】托福寫作7類常見問題答疑

托福寫作常見問題：
　　1、一個(gè)句子有多個(gè)主語和謂語
　　比如：Play computer games is harmful to children’s eyes. 這個(gè)問題單獨(dú)拿出來說，是因?yàn)樗�非常普遍，并且學(xué)生都認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)小問題。學(xué)生在寫英語作文的時(shí)候，會很自然的忘記一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語，因?yàn)樵谥形谋磉_(dá)中，學(xué)生們很少會去關(guān)注標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，比如逗號和句號的用法，他們會想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為逗號只是一個(gè)停頓，而句號只是一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束。
　　解決這個(gè)問題的好辦法就是，首先要去掌握句子的構(gòu)成，要知道每一個(gè)主句有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語，而每一個(gè)從句也有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語。其次，學(xué)生每次在寫作完之后，都要自己去檢查一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)主語和謂語，要去學(xué)會主動發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。

2、容易用中式英語
　　比如：Under the table has a ball. 然而正確的表達(dá)是：There is a ball under the table. 作為初學(xué)者，學(xué)生會很自然先想到中文句子內(nèi)容，然后再把它直接一字一句翻譯成英文。然而，這樣子做的后果就是很多時(shí)候?qū)W生寫作文的時(shí)候，會忽略中英文思維差異。要解決這個(gè)問題，首先學(xué)生要去掌握一些基本的英語句式，比如要知道there be句式，it is + adj+ that等等。
　　其次，語言是一個(gè)積累的過程，因此學(xué)生平時(shí)就要多關(guān)注一些native speaker 寫的文章的句式表達(dá)。很多時(shí)候我們同一個(gè)意思在英語中會有不同的表達(dá)方式，但是如何表達(dá)地道是要自己去體會和積累的。建議學(xué)生有空可以看一些簡單的英語網(wǎng)站，比如：Business Insider, CNN, BBC．這些網(wǎng)站上面，學(xué)生可以挑選文化類，經(jīng)濟(jì)類，教育類和科技類內(nèi)容去閱讀。

3、寫作只能依靠舉例子，不能提供有效說理，展開不夠
　　那么如何做到well-developed ? 由于托福寫作很多時(shí)候考察的不僅僅是語言能力，還需要體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的平時(shí)積累的素材，辯證性思考。所以建議學(xué)生在寫作的時(shí)候多寫一些有邏輯性的內(nèi)容推理，可以舉真人真事，名人例子或者純粹的說理，而不是僅僅編例子，或者生搬硬套套用萬能的推理。最應(yīng)試的方法就是看不同話題的題目，然后積累這方面的素材。素材可以來源于新聞報(bào)道，事實(shí)和名人名利。

4、大作文寫作中句式進(jìn)行有質(zhì)量的表達(dá)非常重要
　　比如我們來看一個(gè)例子：(1) Too much violence in media makes teenagers metamorphic. (2) teenagers are made mentally ill with too much violence in media. 這兩句話中明顯地二個(gè)句子是正確的表達(dá)。第一個(gè)句子學(xué)生只知道m(xù)etamorphic 表示變態(tài)，卻不知道它表示動物生理變態(tài)而并非所想表達(dá)的心理變態(tài)。第二個(gè)句子的mentally ill 就非常地道，意思為心理上病了，還用了被動語態(tài)。那么如何提高句式有質(zhì)量的表達(dá)呢？首先，學(xué)生在平時(shí)要提高用詞的能力，多積累詞組，有一個(gè)豐富的詞匯庫才可以靈活使用適合的表達(dá)。其次，學(xué)生同樣要去提高用句能力，比如學(xué)會寫并列句，定于從句，同位語從句，主語從句，分詞作伴隨等等。

5、學(xué)生寫作時(shí)候容易犯非常簡單的語法錯(cuò)誤
　　比如：單復(fù)數(shù)混淆，第三人稱單數(shù)遺漏，動詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。這些是簡單的語法錯(cuò)誤，但是如果多次重復(fù)出現(xiàn)非常影響得分。那如何避免呢？學(xué)生首先要去了解這些基礎(chǔ)的語法常識，比較推薦自學(xué)的一本書就是《新思維語法》。其次，很多時(shí)候?qū)W生本身自己是有意識到語法錯(cuò)誤卻需要老師的提醒。因此，學(xué)生在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)候就要做到自己學(xué)會檢查�！�

6、一味用同義替換，讓表達(dá)很生硬甚至有時(shí)是完全錯(cuò)誤的
　　比如：學(xué)生只知道用learning knowledge表示了解信息，卻不知道其實(shí)很多時(shí)候一些單詞本身沒有同義替換。比如：The museum is an ideal place for learning knowledge. First, most traditional museums help to increase visitors’ knowledge on history, such as the Forbidden City and the Great Britain Museum. In contrast, technology museums have a lot of technological knowledge. Furthermore, many museums nowadays improve the efficiency of conveying knowledge through interactive activities. 這段文字中學(xué)生對于knowledge這個(gè)詞語束手無策。那怎么辦呢？這個(gè)時(shí)候我們要學(xué)會詞匯的替換，就是在上下文中，換上另外一個(gè)或者一批詞語，文本的含義保持一致。比如：
　　The museum is an ideal place for learning knowledge. First, most traditional museums help to increase visitors’ understanding of history, such as the Forbidden City and the Great Britain Museum. In contrast, technology museums show the traditional technological achievements of mankind. Furthermore, the various interactive activities many museums hold nowadays add up to the gaining of people paying visits to them.

7、學(xué)生寫作時(shí)候容易寫離題
　　比如這道題目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The only way government can conserve energy is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity？學(xué)生在寫的時(shí)候忽略了關(guān)鍵詞only，只是在論證提高油價(jià)和電價(jià)是好的方法而并沒有說是唯一的方法。如何避免這個(gè)問題呢？首先要審題仔細(xì)，牢記關(guān)鍵詞，對關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行展開討論。其次寫每個(gè)主題段的時(shí)候，學(xué)生要時(shí)刻回顧中心句。

托福寫作機(jī)經(jīng)常用方法
　　作為備考的學(xué)生，每周都應(yīng)該看15道機(jī)經(jīng)，想理由展開。如果有充裕的時(shí)間，應(yīng)該去積累這些不同話題的素材，詞匯表達(dá)。以下給出一些常見的題目大家可以去思考：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take history courses no matter in what field they study.
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is desirable to know events from all over the world even if they are unlikely to have an effect on your daily life.
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? it is better to select a broad subjects than specialize in a specific subject.
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Should teachers be paid according to their students’ performance?
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advice given from friends who are older than you is more valuable than advice from friends of your age.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The only way government can conserve energy is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity？
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important thing for governments to do improve health care, is to clean up the environment.
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? environmental issues are too complex to be handled by the individual.
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should support scientific research that does not have any practical use.

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