雅思閱讀題型：填空題

雅思閱讀填空題主要分為summary ,sentence completion, table , diagram 和flow chart等這幾種。
　　在雅思所有題型當(dāng)中，填空題是最簡(jiǎn)單的題型，這就意味著，考試的時(shí)候，碰到有填空題一定要先做，即便做不完第三篇，也要優(yōu)先完成填空題。但是填空題也可以出得很難，所以除了掌握好技巧之外，還需要具備一定的詞匯量。
　　雅思閱讀填空題的基本解題步驟：
　　1. 讀題（字?jǐn)?shù)，paragraph）
　　2. 劃定位詞 (2-3)
　　3. 預(yù)判答案（詞性，單復(fù)數(shù)，人/物）
　　4. 回原文定位
　　如C6T4P3
　　Complete the summary below.
　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
　　Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.
　　What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?
　　The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35_________ which makes the school's attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36_________ as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs. In addition, action can be taken through the 37_________ This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.
　　Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38_________ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective. Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognize the difference between bullying and mere 39 __________.

看到題目， 先大致確定下該題在原文中的位置，因?yàn)槭?5-39題，基本是文章的最后第二個(gè)題型了�？梢試L試從文章后面開始找定位詞。（但這種做題方法平時(shí)加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，不習(xí)慣且心理素質(zhì)不好的同學(xué)會(huì)感到慌張）。再是用summary的小標(biāo)題確定位置，這道題可以用steps, schools. 做到以上兩步，基本大定位已經(jīng)有把握了。
　　按照基本的解題方法，35題的定位詞step, school authority。（定位詞盡量名詞優(yōu)先，且數(shù)量是2-3個(gè)）再是預(yù)判詞性，空格為單數(shù)名詞，卻前面有動(dòng)詞，即v+a +n的結(jié)構(gòu)。再是回原文定位，可以縮小到E部分第一小段第一句話有出現(xiàn)step,但是沒有其他的定位詞，這時(shí)候需要確定下與答案的結(jié)構(gòu)是否一樣。Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed.如果一樣，那極有可能是答案。develop a policy 和produce a ___ 一樣，最后用同義替換去檢驗(yàn)，produce 和develop 意思基本相當(dāng)，那答案就是policy.
　　其他空格的解題思路基本相同，但對(duì)很多同學(xué)來(lái)講，produce 和develop 是簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，所以不難。最難的單詞看不懂，怎么知道是同義替換，不容易挑答案，其實(shí)并不然。咱們看下38空 Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38_________ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.

定位詞：由于38題所在的句子沒有名詞，選形容詞和動(dòng)詞，被替換掉的幾率太大，所以可以挑前面那句話的名詞，借以縮小范圍, individual pupils , small groups. 還有后面那句的‘no blame’ approach.

空格詞性：名詞，而且是表示人的名詞。因?yàn)楹竺嬲f(shuō)的是trained , self-confident 訓(xùn)練變得更有自信，肯定是人。
　　There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying like 'no blame', can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.
　　因此可以把出題句基本縮小到夾在定位詞中間的半句Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile。再根據(jù)之前的判斷，答案為表示人的名詞，只有pupils, victims兩種可能性。如果同學(xué)們無(wú)法識(shí)別兩個(gè)句子中的同義替換，那就只能二選一，但幾率已經(jīng)很大了�？崭袂坝衟otential修飾，應(yīng)該也只能是victims,因?yàn)関ictims是在從句中，修飾pupils。 同義替換是potential 潛在的，be liable to do sth 有傾向做某事，所以答案同樣也是victims。如果potential和be liable to do都不認(rèn)識(shí)的話，那就有點(diǎn)小難度了。
　　平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候，一定要多練習(xí)生詞多的，這種類型的題目準(zhǔn)確率能到80%，那么簡(jiǎn)單的題目也沒有問(wèn)題啦，同時(shí)單詞一定要跟上。

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