2016年1月24日托福寫作考試機(jī)經(jīng)

　　綜合寫作： 在五大湖區(qū)建造水渦輪機(jī)的利與弊

　　閱讀：

　　1. 建造工程本身可以提供很多工作崗位，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有好處;

　　2. 大湖都是淡水，沒(méi)有腐蝕，維護(hù)成本很低;

　　3. 循環(huán)用的水，可以節(jié)約用水。

　　聽(tīng)力反駁：

　　1. 建造水渦輪機(jī)成本很高，投資很大;

　　2. 淡水很容易結(jié)冰，會(huì)增加水渦輪機(jī)的負(fù)荷;

　　3. 建造水渦輪機(jī)需要使用潤(rùn)滑劑，一旦潤(rùn)滑劑泄露會(huì)造成湖水水質(zhì)污染。

　　獨(dú)立寫作：

　　In times of economic crisis, in which field do you think the government can cut financial support?

　　1. Art

　　2. Scientific research

　　3. Parks and public gardens

　　是否新題：是

　　題材：社會(huì)類

　　觀點(diǎn)： 削減藝術(shù)方面的經(jīng)費(fèi)

　　寫作思路：

　　1. 科研發(fā)展十分重要，具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的戰(zhàn)略意義，因此不能削減科研經(jīng)費(fèi);

　　2. 發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施對(duì)人們的健康十分重要，不能削減這方面的經(jīng)費(fèi)。

　　3. 藝術(shù)屬于精神層面的需求，削減藝術(shù)經(jīng)費(fèi)在短期內(nèi)不會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成直接的影響。

　　范文：

　　During an economic crisis, governments face difficult choices of monetary allocation with reduced budgets. In this challenging time, it is of vital importance for policy-makers to recognize the effectiveness of policy-making on certain social services or programs such as arts, scientific research and park and public gardens. If a choice has to be made, in my opinion, the government should reduce its spending on arts.

　　To begin with, in times of an economic crisis, it is significant for policy-makers to recognize the necessity of investing in scientific research because it exerts a far-reaching effect. If the financial crisis leads to substantial cuts in funding for scientific research by governments, it will be difficult to muster investment for a public good, like clean air, or for extremely risky initiatives, such as novel approaches to new antibiotic drugs, or in areas where the outcome is uncertain. As a matter of fact, technological innovation, biomedical breakthroughs, and tackling pressing environmental issues all require sustained scientific development, from basic discovery to final application. Investing in research is investing in the future, and it requires a long-term commitment to the accumulation of knowledge, the testing of basic principles, and the translation of these discoveries into practical applications that impact everyday life. Consequently, governments ought to attach more importance to the scientific studies so as to develop world class research base and conduct crucial scientific projects.

　　Furthermore, funding for parks and public gardens provides an opportunity for people to engage in physical activities, which is considerably beneficial to health. Nowadays, due to the sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating diet, overweight and obesity are epidemic problems across the world, and related conditions are on the rise. A primary focus of attention is providing environment where people can be physically active. Parks offer such an opportunity. In addition, health studies have shown that people who do regular exercise get a range of benefits when they are in natural settings, like parks and public gardens. These benefits include reduced risk of premature death; reduced risk of heart disease, hypertension, cancer; improved maintenance of muscle strength; weight loss and favorable redistribution of body fat; improved physical functioning. Therefore, when governments allocate fiscal spending on parks such as well-designed and well-maintained paths as well as attractive scenery, people can substantially improve their health and quality of life by doing moderate amounts of physical activity in their daily lives.

　　Undeniably, if governments pay more attention to investment in art, people can enrich inner world as a diverse and productive cultural environment can provide the spirit and important intangible values. However, in times of crisis, people usually lay emphasis on basic needs instead of spiritual needs. As a result, the importance of material comforts outweighs that of nourishment for the mind and it does not mean that people’s quality of life will be dramatically affected if governments cut budget on art and provide less financial support on art institutions. In a sense, it will not directly influence people’s life at least in a short term because people rarely need to satisfy their aesthetic everyday needs. Therefore, compared with scientific research and park and public gardens, art is least associated with people’s daily life and it needs less concern.

　　From what has been discussed above, scientific studies serve the common interest of the entire human race and doing exercise in parks and public gardens constitutes an indispensable part of daily life. It is more applicable and reasonable to cut down spending on art in the times of an economic crisis.

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