【真題解析】GMAT邏輯思路總結(jié)

1．The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
　　“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
　　1, 錯誤類比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation都只影響food 不影響film.同時，忽略他因。是否是因為組織更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the process下降了價錢。所以，兩者更不同。
　　2，gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表學(xué)到了很多。很可能什么都沒學(xué)到，或者技術(shù)已經(jīng)out of date.

6．The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.
　　“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
　　1，因為H地區(qū)industrial and manufacturing比較attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只適合做這類的，如果缺乏能夠做innovative technologies and research的工人labor pool，那么很可能導(dǎo)致失敗。
　　2，H的低失業(yè)率更可能成為壞處。因為比如有l(wèi)ess available work force。企業(yè)必須提高wage才能吸引他們。提高了COST。
　　3，錯誤的假設(shè)過去的成功能夠代表未來。比方說已經(jīng)飽和的資源、過分的競爭、以及可能出現(xiàn)的錯誤政策，都可能導(dǎo)致H地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)不再發(fā)達(dá)。

10．The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
　　“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
　　1，沒有投訴不代表沒有不滿。很可能學(xué)生以其他的方式發(fā)泄不滿意，比如absent the class, leave the school earlier, 等等。One obvious rejoinder to this line of reasoning is that。。。很可能他們已經(jīng)知道了學(xué)生去protest了，所以才沒有去。
　　2，200名學(xué)生不具有代表性的說法不對。很可能是被推選出來的elected to represent the entire students。缺乏根據(jù)的論證，錯。
　　presumptuous 專橫的

11．The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
　　“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
　　1， 缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to new business in the whole country, 不能說兩個倒閉一個開就是壞事，很可能淘汰eliminate through selection or contest了out of date的企業(yè)，建立了更多具有competitive advantages的企業(yè)。也是好事。
　　2， 未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因為在P在任期間，全國的經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，造成了事業(yè)更增加。而不是兩個市長的不同。假定過去和現(xiàn)在一樣，也是個錯誤！recession depression downturn低迷時期

12．The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area.
　　“Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in the Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two -thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
　　1，沒有對比沒做廣告和做廣告后sale的對比，只說了消費的人看了廣告，并且一半支付了100以上，很可能沒有廣告的話也一樣。
　　2，沒有建立起因果聯(lián)系，雖然買東西的人看了廣告，但是不代表是因為廣告而買的。很可能不存在此因果聯(lián)系。
　　3，沒有排除他因。如過sale上升了，那也有可能是別的原因?qū)е碌�，而不是因為廣告。比如thanks giving，比如商品質(zhì)量提高，花樣更多，比如最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)很好等等。