雅思閱讀：heading題解題技巧

根據(jù)首尾句原則進行解題
　　由于英美人的直線思維，所以有很多文章，都在段落首句或者尾句直接給出該段落的中心思想句。
　　例如：
　　In addition, mistakes may arise due to stubbornness. No one likes to abandon a cherished belief, and the earlier a decision has been taken, the harder it is to abandon it. Drug companies must decide early to cancel a failing research project to waste money, but find it difficult to admit they have made a mistake. in the same way...
　　這段話的首句就是主題句。在同一篇文章當(dāng)中，首句是主題句的就有四段話。大家可以把那套考題拿出來總結(jié)分析一下。

首尾句沒有主題句，看第二三句轉(zhuǎn)折詞，有but, however之類的詞，該句就是heading句
　　解析：
　　in fact 這句是概括性的句子，后面緊跟兩句細(xì)節(jié)，從信號詞"example" 和 "and'以及 "1972"和 "1930s and 1940s"可以看出。但是這段話真正的中心思想句就是but轉(zhuǎn)折句。轉(zhuǎn)折句后面跟了三個原因句子來詳細(xì)說明 but句。 故此該段的中心句為why some early social science methods lost popularity. 其中，popularity---enthusiasm ---interest為近義詞。

承上啟下句：上一段的heading可以通過下一段的第一句來進行確認(rèn)。

語言信號詞
　　1. 轉(zhuǎn)折詞的作用是否定轉(zhuǎn)折詞之前的內(nèi)容，肯定轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的內(nèi)容。
　　常見的轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞有：but, however, nevertheless, yet, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually, whereas, conversely, on the contrary....
　　A(正）， but B(負(fù)), 反之亦然。作者強調(diào)的重點在轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后。
　　2.讓步信號詞：
　　despite, in spite of, although, albeit, while, nonetheless
　　despite A(正）, B（負(fù)）， 反之亦然。
　　作者強調(diào)的是B，而不是A。
　　3.并列信號詞：
　　and, as well as, or, also, too,moreover, plus, in addition, additionally, furthermore, what is more, 以及標(biāo)點符號中的分號“;"。
　　此種類型的信號詞表示這些文字講的是同一類事。
　　4. 比較信號詞：
　　比較相同點：like, similiarly, in the same way,...similar, paralell, as.....as結(jié)構(gòu)以及as is the case with ....
　　比如說：like everyone else, people with intellectual disability also need a rewarding job and a place to live...
　　比較不同點： by contrast, in contrast, conversely, on the conversely, on the other hand, by comparision, compared with......instead.....and even 標(biāo)點符號分號";"
　　for examle:
　　in Spain, the one-adult household was so rare a decade ago it didnot register statistically; now the figure is 10%.
　　5. 舉例信號詞：
　　for example, for instance, such as, like, a case in point is that....an apparent example is that....an illustration/demonstration/case/survey/investigation/study........
　　另外，英語中的破折號和冒號同樣有此功能。
　　6.因果信號詞：
　　because, as, since, in that, on the ground that....due to, owing to, result from,be attributed to, be ascribed to  后緊跟原因
　　result in , as a result， consequently, thus, hence..so, therefore.后緊接結(jié)果

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