托福聽(tīng)力講座結(jié)構(gòu)解析

托福聽(tīng)力講座部分的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)我們的解題有很大的幫助，文章的開(kāi)頭一般對(duì)應(yīng)講座第一題，對(duì)于文章結(jié)構(gòu)能有清楚了解將會(huì)對(duì)我們解題有非常大的幫助。其中一種開(kāi)頭是例子開(kāi)頭的文章，這無(wú)疑對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)，會(huì)覺(jué)得無(wú)從下手，其實(shí)不然，例子開(kāi)頭的文章其實(shí)非常容易。
　　我們可以參考 TPO4-lecture1和 TPO5-lecture1這兩篇文章作為參考進(jìn)行講解。首先，我們要明白例子開(kāi)頭的文章有固定的模式，即例子：例子＋術(shù)語(yǔ)＋定義 ，這里有幾個(gè)點(diǎn)需要我們注意：

1）例子的內(nèi)容并非重點(diǎn)，我們?cè)谟浌P記時(shí)只需要記下例子的主角。所以當(dāng)大家聽(tīng)不懂內(nèi)容時(shí)也不用擔(dān)心，題目一樣可以做。
　　2）術(shù)語(yǔ)是緊跟在例子之后出現(xiàn)的，一般以called作為信號(hào)詞來(lái)抓取術(shù)語(yǔ)，同樣術(shù)語(yǔ)的記法也非常的簡(jiǎn)單，如果是單個(gè)詞，我們只需要根據(jù)發(fā)音大致記下這個(gè)詞。如果是詞組，那我們只需記下這兩個(gè)詞的首字母，如Distraction display我們只需記成：DD
　　3）最后一步也是最關(guān)鍵的一步，即定義句，定義句即答案句。

我們可以來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：
　　Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to you. You may have seen, for example, a bird that's in the middle of a mating ritual, and suddenly it stops and preens, you know, takes a few moments to straighten its feathers, and then returns to the mating ritual. This kind of behavior, this doing something that seems completely out of place, is what we call a ‘Displacement Activity'. Displacement activities are activities that animal's engaging in when they have conflicting drives. If we take our example from a minute ago, if the bird is afraid of its mate, it's conflicted. It wants to mate but it's also afraid and wants to run away. So, instead, it starts grooming itself. So, the displacement activity, the grooming, the straightening of its feathers, seems to be an irrelevant behavior. So, what do you think another example of a displacement activity might be?

在這段文章里我們可以看到，例子是關(guān)于一個(gè)bird的內(nèi)容，所以只需記：Eg.bird, 術(shù)語(yǔ)通過(guò)信號(hào)詞called之后的詞Displacement Activity，記成DA，而定義句為Displacement activities are activities that animal's engaging in when they have conflicting drives。我們可以看下第一題的答案
　　What is the lecture mainly about?
　　A.  Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.
　　B.  A theory about ways birds attract mates.
　　C.  Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.
　　D.  Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.
　　非常明顯，答案應(yīng)該是選擇C選項(xiàng)。所以對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)有了一定的了解，解題就會(huì)變的非常輕松，即使文章的例子沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂我們也能輕松地解題。