GMAT語法用法之獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

GMAT語法中對于英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)考察，除了考察一般的英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)，即一個句子至少一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，還考察獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在；名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系；獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。

GMAT語法主要考察三種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：

1、名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，不定式，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語。

2、Each的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形式為:句子+復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾,each+介詞短語、形容詞短語/-ed形式/-ing形式

3、With( without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

三種不同的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別在于，“名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，不定式，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語 ”結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中做狀語，Each的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)著重于強調(diào)句尾的名詞，With( without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與主句形成緊密的邏輯關(guān)系，例如：He doesn’t like to sleep，with the windows open.

“with the windows open.”結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，句子的意思不夠完整。

例題分析1，：Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company’s basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.

(A) each with its own executive

(B) all having their own executive

(C) each having their own executive

(D) with its own executive for each

(E) every one with an executive of their own

答案為A，each with its own executive 主要是強調(diào)句尾的名詞“five groups”

例題分析2：

The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.

(A) and meat rarely

(B) and meat was rare

(C) with meat as rare

(D) meat a rarity

(E) with meat as a rarity

答案為E 注意這里的rare 是多義詞有 “稀少的”也有 “（肉）半熟的”的意思，為避免歧義C選項是可以排除的，rarity：“稀少，稀有”用名詞不會引起歧義。

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