雅思閱讀之劍橋雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析(1)

 1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(劍4, General Training Test B section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in her samples and on her body”為定語(yǔ)從句，做The scent的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做a message的同位語(yǔ);“they were looking for”為定語(yǔ)從句，做the one的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做for的賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉。

2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.(劍4, General Training Test B section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how bees communicate”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做介詞about的賓語(yǔ)。

3. There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句主句“There had been dictionaries”;“the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall 'of hard usual English words'”為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中“compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray”和“published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall 'of hard usual English words'”均為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，做a little book的定語(yǔ)。

4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“It is highly appropriate that...”, 其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，即“that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class”;在主語(yǔ)從句中“the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man”為Dr Samuel Johnson的同位語(yǔ)，“as famous in his own time as in ours”為Dr Samuel Johnson的定語(yǔ)。

5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“His approach to the problems was intensely practical”;“that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries”為定語(yǔ)從句，做the problems的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that。

6. He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his "dictionary workshop".(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句為并列句，“He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments”和“from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his 'dictionary workshop'.”并列，由and連接;“in which he set up his 'dictionary workshop'.”為定語(yǔ)從句，做17 Gough Square的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為which。

7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as 'fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句主句為“James Boswell described the garret as 'fitted up like a counting house'with a long desk.”;“his biographer”為James Boswell的同位語(yǔ);“where Johnson worked”為定語(yǔ)從句，做the garret的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為where;“running down the middle”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，做a long desk的定語(yǔ);“at which the copying clerks would work standing up”為定語(yǔ)從句，做long desk的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為which。

8. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句主句為“He was also helped by six assistants”;“two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”為定語(yǔ)從句，做six assistants的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為whom;在定語(yǔ)從句中，“whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”為whilst引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“The fact was cause for much English celebration”;“that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做The fact的同位語(yǔ);括號(hào)中部分起到解釋說(shuō)明的作用。

10. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a "leader" in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句主句為“Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 'leader' in a situation”;“A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology”為狀語(yǔ);“in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform”為定語(yǔ)從句，做a situation的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為which, 其中“they were called upon to perform”也為定語(yǔ)從句，做the actions的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉。

11. Milgram told each volunteer "teacher-subject" that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that...”;“that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.”為賓語(yǔ)從句，做動(dòng)詞told的賓語(yǔ);“whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn”為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做test的賓語(yǔ)。

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