雅思寫作備考（一）：Describing a Graph Over Time

>>>2015年11月雅思全套機(jī)經(jīng)預(yù)測下載地址

本篇文章將講解雅思寫作中出現(xiàn)的與描述時(shí)間的相關(guān)表達(dá)。采用一個(gè)bar chart作為實(shí)例，但是所用技巧同樣適合line graph。

在描述表格或圖表時(shí)，第一件要做的事情就是檢查有沒有時(shí)間軸，如果有的話，在整篇文章的語言方面要注意在語言上體現(xiàn)時(shí)間的變化。

僅僅表達(dá)出每一個(gè)事物隨時(shí)間而產(chǎn)生的變化是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。還需要闡述事物之間的聯(lián)系。

好好讀讀雅思之前的真題，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一道題目，都對數(shù)據(jù)之間的對比和區(qū)別提出了要求，在觀察數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候要注意把數(shù)據(jù)放在同一個(gè)要求背景下統(tǒng)一對比，得出更加條理化，協(xié)調(diào)的答案。

為了達(dá)到上述要求，在分析數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，一定要注意數(shù)據(jù)之間的區(qū)別與相似處。把有用的信息用邏輯整理好之后，在寫出來。

在不會寫的時(shí)候千萬不要瞎寫，多看看優(yōu)秀的文章。我們先來看一個(gè)示例，然后通過Language of Change，Making Comparisons，Grouping the Data，這三個(gè)方面好好分析一下：

The bar chart shows the number of times per week (in 1000s), over five weeks, that three computer packages were downloaded from the internet.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant

Model Answer：

The bar chart illustrates the download rate per week of ActiveX, Java and Net computer packages over a period of five weeks. It can clearly be seen that ActiveX was the most popular computer package to download, whilst Net was the least popular of the three.

To begin, downloads of ActiveX and Java showed similar patterns, with both gradually increasing from week 1 to week 5. However, the purchases of Active X remained significantly higher than for the other product over this time frame. In week 1, purchases of ActiveX stood at around 75,000, while those for Java were about 30,000 lower. With the exception of a slight fall in week 4, downloading of ActiveX kept increasing until it reached a peak in the final week of just over 120,000. Java downloads also increased at a steady rate, finishing the period at 80,000.

The product that was downloaded the least was Net. This began at slightly under 40,000, and, in contrast to the other two products, fell over the next two weeks to reach a low of approximately 25,000. It then increased sharply over the following two weeks to finish at about 50,000, which was well below that of ActiveX.
(Words 198)

現(xiàn)在我們就來看一下怎樣通過之前講的三個(gè)方面來分析這篇Sample吧！

Language of Change

就像你在篇范文中看到的：很多地方都能體會到用詞的變換，所以在寫文章之前一起來看看有哪些詞匯是可以用來替換的吧！
gradually increasing
a slight fall
kept rising
reached a peak
increased at a steady rate
fell
increased sharply
a low of
finish at
stood at
finishing the period at

做這道題目如果不經(jīng)常更換同義詞，會被考官認(rèn)為掌握的詞匯和句型太少，畢竟是有應(yīng)試的成分在，所以不能像口語一樣講究實(shí)用性，一定要合理炫技！沒有捷徑，也不要自己瞎寫，就是要多背句型，然后把已掌握的句型巧妙地運(yùn)用在文章里。

Making Comparisons

寫作第一部分確實(shí)不需要個(gè)人想法的表達(dá)，只要寫出你所看到的就行，但是這也不代表不需要再數(shù)據(jù)之間進(jìn)行對比。

就這道題而言，如果你只寫出Java數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生了什么變化而不涉及到Java與另外兩項(xiàng)的聯(lián)系，是不能夠得高分的。

加粗的部分是數(shù)據(jù)對比很好的例子，大家來體會一下：

It can clearly be seen that ActiveX was the most popular computer package to download, whilst Net was the least popular of the three Downlaods of ActiveX and Java showed similar patterns, with both gradually increasing from week 1 to week 5 However, the purchases of Active X remained significantly higher than for the other product over this time frame.

In week 1, purchases of ActiveX stood at around 75,000,while those for Java were about 30,000 lower Java downloads also increased at a steady rate, finishing the period at 80,000 The product that was downloaded the least was Net. This began at slightly under 40,000, and, in contrast to the other two products, fell over the next two weeks
It then increased sharply over the following two weeks to finish at about 50,000, which was well below that of ActiveX.

Grouping the Data

再給文章分段落的時(shí)候，可以根據(jù)分析到數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)將文章分段，每一段都有針對性的去闡述問題。

經(jīng)過觀察后不難看出ActiveX and Java有著同樣的增長模式，都是在特定時(shí)期穩(wěn)定層增長，雖然在week4 的時(shí)候有輕微下降。所以可以整合成如下段落：

To begin, dowloads of ActiveX and Java showed a similar trend, with both gradually increasing from week 1 to week 5. However, the purchases of Active X remained significantly higher than for the other product over this time frame. In week 1, purchases of ActiveX stood at around 75,000, while those for Java were about 30,000 lower. With the exception of a slight fall in week 4, downloading of ActiveX kept rising until it reached a peak in the final week of just over 120,000. Java downloads also increased at a steady rate, finishing the period at 80,000.

On the other hand, Net is the lowest and it has a different pattern – falling and then rising again. So this could be described in another paragraph:

The product that was downloaded the least was Net. This began at slightly under 40,000, and, in contrast to the other two products, fell over the next two weeks to a low of approximately 25,000. It then increased sharply over the following two weeks to finish at about 50,000, which was well below that of ActiveX.