托福閱讀點撥：句子簡化題

閱讀句子簡化題往往是讓大多數(shù)托�？忌�很頭疼的題型。為什么呢？因為句子簡化題可以說是純粹考查我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準確理解。一般來說，要求簡化的句子都是長難句。

所以很多托�？忌�都會采用翻譯的方法做題，即首先翻譯原句，然后逐個翻譯四個選項。你有沒有這樣的問題呢？其實，這種做法不僅浪費時間，而且對我們讀句子的能力要求極高。那么如何快速解決托福閱讀句子簡化題呢？

托福閱讀句子簡化題的實質(zhì)是內(nèi)容不變，形式上更趨于簡單。如果要分解出句子簡化的核心，則包括兩大基本元素：一是句子的內(nèi)容——與語義直接相關(guān)；二是句子的邏輯——與結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)。所以做托福閱讀句子簡化題的基本解題步驟就是：

1. 尋找給定句子中的邏輯關(guān)系；
2. 尋找與邏輯相關(guān)的語義，分析句子主干（主、謂、賓及部分限定詞），抓住核心信息；
3. 選擇與題干邏輯和語義對等的選項。

接下來我們看一道例題：

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.
B. Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.
C. When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.
D. Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.

先分析原文長難句結(jié)構(gòu)：除去開頭目的狀語，整個句子包含兩個邏輯關(guān)系：因果關(guān)系（because they are based on physical laws）和對比關(guān)系（while building materials have changed dramatically）；其次，關(guān)注一些核心信息：methods of support + physical law + changed little +  building materials + changed dramatically. 由此可以判斷正確答案為B。

建議大家在應(yīng)對句子簡化題的時候要一抓邏輯關(guān)系詞，二抓句子主干成分，在復(fù)習(xí)過程中多看多分析一些長句難句。