托福閱讀表格題的解題技巧

參加過(guò)托福考試的同學(xué)，都很清楚表格題是托福閱讀中的一道重要題型。作為托福閱讀題型之一，它主要考查考生將文中主要觀點(diǎn)和其他重要信息抽象出來(lái)并填入表格正確位置的能力。下面小編將結(jié)合具體的例子為大家分享托福閱讀表格題的解題技巧，希望可以幫助大家備考新托福閱讀。

一、表格題答題要求

在表格填寫(xiě)題中，考生會(huì)見(jiàn)到一個(gè)根據(jù)文中信息制作的、并留出部分空白項(xiàng)的表格。表格中經(jīng)常會(huì)有2或3欄/行表格，包括5個(gè)正確答案選項(xiàng)。備選答案總會(huì)多于正確答案，一些備選答案為干擾選項(xiàng)。每個(gè)備選答案在表格中只能使用一次，如果一個(gè)備選答案對(duì)應(yīng)表格中的多個(gè)選項(xiàng)欄或者不對(duì)應(yīng)任何選項(xiàng)欄，那么在表格中會(huì)標(biāo)有“both”或“neither”字樣�？忌�需要在備選答案中挑出正確選項(xiàng)，并將正確選項(xiàng)拖入表格中的相應(yīng)位置。

二、表格題評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

和閱讀部分其他單選題不同，表格題的滿分為3分，根據(jù)選出正確答案的多少，考生會(huì)得到不同的分?jǐn)?shù)。沒(méi)有答對(duì)或只答對(duì)1或2個(gè)答案不得分;答對(duì)3個(gè)答案得1分;答對(duì)4個(gè)答案得2分;5個(gè)全對(duì)得滿分3分。

三、表格題解題技巧

表格題考查考生將文中主要觀點(diǎn)和其他重要信息抽象出來(lái)并填入表格正確位置的能力。也就是說(shuō)，考生先要找出并確定文章的要點(diǎn)，然后將其填入正確位置。要正確解答這類(lèi)考題，考生需要在頭腦中形成文章的一個(gè)整體結(jié)構(gòu)框架，并記清文章主要觀點(diǎn)和其他重要信息。

四、表格題例題解析

我們以TPO13中的一道表格題為例，來(lái)看一些這類(lèi)題該如何解答。

Paragraph 2: People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.

Paragraph 3: Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.

Paragraph 7: Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from our behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.

Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.

Primary Groups

●

●

●

Secondary Groups

●

●

Answer Choices

○ Developing socially acceptable behavior

○ Working together against competitors

○ Experiencing pressure from outside forces

○ Viewing people as a means to an end

○ Existing for practical purposes

○ Providing meaning for life situations

○ Involving close relationships

解析：

縱觀全文我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者用了文章的第四到七段較大篇幅講主要群體，卻只用了第二和第三段的部分講到次要群體，而且本文對(duì)于兩個(gè)群體的敘述存在交叉，交叉的部分主要在第二三兩段，但這兩段的敘述也是先主要群體后次要群體，所以順序性還是有的。

Developing選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第七段的第三句和第四句(“如果獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)方式不當(dāng)，群體內(nèi)成員就會(huì)通過(guò)拒絕或威脅來(lái)摒棄那些背離群體規(guī)范的人。例如，一些社會(huì)群體采取規(guī)避措施——人可以留在群體中，但禁止其他成員與其交流——從而將特定群體中逾矩的個(gè)體慢慢同化與他人一致。”)這段話主要講的是主要群體的特征。

Existing 和Viewing選項(xiàng)分別對(duì)應(yīng)第三段的第四句(“次要群體也是由兩個(gè)以上成員組成，他們因非個(gè)人關(guān)系聚到一起都是為了一個(gè)特定的，實(shí)際的目標(biāo)而努力。”)和第五句(“工具紐帶在次要群體中起了重要的作用，我們把人自身看做是人目標(biāo)的途徑而不是人們自己權(quán)利的目標(biāo)。”)，屬于次要群體的特征。

Providing選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第二段(“情感紐帶是當(dāng)我們做情感投資并致力于他人的一種社會(huì)關(guān)系。通過(guò)和對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)十分重要的人交流從而得到安全感、愛(ài)情、認(rèn)同、友誼以及個(gè)人價(jià)值等一系列情感。”)和第三段的第三句(“情感紐帶在主要社群中起主導(dǎo)作用，我們把人們自身看做目標(biāo)和人們自己權(quán)利的價(jià)值。”)，屬于主要群體的特征。

Involving選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第三段的第二句(“一個(gè)主要群體包含兩個(gè)以上成員，他們彼此之間的關(guān)系是直接的,親密的,聚合性的。”)，屬于主要群體的特征。

其他兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文章中沒(méi)有提及。因此Primary Groups的特征有Developing選項(xiàng)、Providing選項(xiàng)和Involving選項(xiàng);Secondary Groups的特征有Existing 選項(xiàng)和Viewing選項(xiàng)。

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