雅思閱讀：準(zhǔn)確把握題干關(guān)鍵詞

尋找3種語言重現(xiàn)
　　同其他考試的閱讀部分相比，雅思考試閱讀部分最大的特點(diǎn)是文章篇幅長�？忌�要在 一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成8種類型共計(jì)40道題目(這個(gè)要求近乎苛刻)。因此，閱讀目的就從單純的“信息獲取’’轉(zhuǎn)變成”尋找答案”。在這個(gè)過程中，原文涉及的大部分細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容對(duì)于完成題目是無意義的，無需字斟句酌。只有在閱讀中準(zhǔn)確把握題干的關(guān)鍵詞，才能區(qū)分哪些字句與題目(答題點(diǎn))有關(guān)。
　　所謂“關(guān)鍵詞’’是指題干中的核心詞或者決定答案性質(zhì)或位置的詞。典型的關(guān)鍵詞是 句子的主干、人名、地名、時(shí)間、數(shù)字和生詞。由于它們會(huì)在原文重現(xiàn)，因此產(chǎn)生了一種答題方法：回原文找關(guān)鍵詞。這往往給考生一種印象：只要在題干中劃出關(guān)鍵詞就一定能找到原詞。那么關(guān)鍵詞一定會(huì)“原型”重現(xiàn)嗎?

請(qǐng)看下面這道判斷題：
　　Example: While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are bound to become extinctit is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians．
　　題目: We have known for along time that more species of animals will disappear．(判斷題) AA語言重現(xiàn)
　　關(guān)鍵詞在原文中以原詞形式出現(xiàn)。AA語言重現(xiàn)在試題中占的比例最大，也是最簡單的 一類考法。它以特殊關(guān)鍵詞為主，包括人名、地名、時(shí)間、數(shù)字和生詞。
　　Example: At precisely 4:20 am on Friday the 24th of September 1993 it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world，and Australians everywhere，not only
Sydney-siders，were justifiably proud of the result．But，if Sydney had lost the bid，would the taxpayers of NESW and of Australia have approved of government's spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?
　　題目：How many cities were competing in 1993 for the right to hold the 2000 Games? (簡答題)AB語言重現(xiàn)
　　定義：關(guān)鍵詞A在原文中以同義詞B的形式出現(xiàn)。AB語言重現(xiàn)題考察考生的單詞量，主要憑理解力去定位。
　　Sea fishing grew rapidly in the decades after the Second World War.  Mechanisation increased the fishermen's catch in traditional grounds and then carried them to distant waters for more.
　　題目: Technological developments contributed to the higher fish catches after the Second World War. ( 判斷題 ) 關(guān)系重現(xiàn)
　　定義：所謂“關(guān)系重現(xiàn)”是把定位對(duì)象從“詞”上升到“句子結(jié)構(gòu)”，從而越過生詞造成的閱讀障礙。這是最關(guān)鍵的一類語言重現(xiàn)，是閱讀技巧的完美體現(xiàn)。

例：Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded.
　　題目：Paper is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is _________(填空題) 再比如，有一道簡答題這樣問：
　　Name TWO reasons for loss of farmland. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS in both of your answers. Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries. And the impact will be felt widely throughout the region. In the 1990s alone, he says, the cities of Asia will be swollen by a further 500 million peoplenearly equal to the population of the United States and
　　European Community combined. "The only growing population in Asia is that of the poor. Prime productive land is being used for city expansion and building roads, while thousands of hectares are being taken out of production each year because of salinity and alkalinity."

發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中的信號(hào)詞
　　一篇雅思閱讀文章的主體是實(shí)詞(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等)，但一些表面上不起眼的虛詞卻往往成為答案的信號(hào)，我們稱之為“信號(hào)詞”，并建議讀者給予它們特別的關(guān)注。 轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞
轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞的作用是否定前項(xiàng)肯定后項(xiàng)，使前后兩句話的方向或意思相反。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有：but，yet，however，whereas，in fact，on the contrary，conversely, on the other hand等。 公式:     A （正/負(fù)）， but  B (負(fù)/正)
　　應(yīng)用: 在閱讀前半句時(shí)就可以預(yù)測后半句的大意，使接下來的閱讀過程變成求證，如同把文章讀了兩遍。另外，在有生詞的情況下，只要理解了半句話的意思，就可以推測另一半句子的含義。例如1：
　　The second flaw in the reasoning of the WZCS ( The World Zoo Conservation Strategy )document is the naive faith it places in its 1,000 core zoos. One would assume that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association. This might be a good starting point, working on the premise that members must meet certain standards, but again the facts don't support the theory.

題目：Zoos in the WZCS select list were carefully inspected．(判斷題)
　　例如2： The Aborigines made no use of Leptospermum or Dodonaea as food plants, yet the early settlers found that one could be used as a substitute for tea and the other for hops. 例如3：
From the mid-1960s when 'the Green revolution began, Asian food production doubled through a combination of high-yielding crops, expanded farming area and greater intensification. However, a mysterious threat is emerging in the noticeably declining yields of rice. 讓步信號(hào)詞
　　讓步信號(hào)詞的作用與轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞相同，讓前后兩句話的方向或意思相反。表示讓步關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有：though，although，while，albeit，despite，in spite of，nevertheless，nonetheless等。 公式： although A （正/負(fù)）， B (負(fù)/正)
　　應(yīng)用 ：讓步信號(hào)詞具有同轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞相同的用法，可在閱讀的過程中根據(jù)前半句的方向或意思判斷后半句的方向或意思。例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle，without adequate supplies of food，chaos could easily result．
　　分析 ：前半句是正面積極的意思，后半句話峰一轉(zhuǎn)，表述負(fù)面消極的意思。

例：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quantity of food. 分析  while是個(gè)含義豐富的連詞，它在雅思閱讀中最常見的意思是a，though”盡管，雖然”。
前半句說鴨子的好處，后半句說壞處。

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