GRE寫作Issue范文——比較類（六）

題目：
    We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
 
范文：
    Can people really learn much more from those people that are in accord with their own points? While it is surely possible that disagreement can lead to stress which may impede learning, I doubt whether the author has considered all of the factors that might facilitate learning.
    Admittedly people may be more comfortable with others that have same reviews. Agreement may give both sides more confidence and support, thus put them in a mood favorable to learning. Yet undue confidence may cause a person to be overly optimistic. They may feel they have reached the ultimate truth and feel there is no need to continue learning or searching for answers. Meanwhile, people with the same ideas will not be able to stimulate one another and what they learn from their sharing is just what they knew already. There is a phenomenon in organizational psychology called “groupthink” which refers to persons in a group to make incorrect judgments or bad decisions because of a lack of disagreement. When people have similar ideas, they may be able to learn a little bit from each other. But people with dissimilar views may be able to learn much more from each other by discussion or debate.
    Contrary views cause people to consider the reasoning and the different possibilities, which causes them to reconsider their own positions and expose them to new perspectives. Debate is an example of how this process can work. Through debate, people can learn a lot from theirs and their opponent’s statements, refutation and conclusion. The more contradictive are the positions taken by the opponents, the more fierce the debate will be, and the more knowledge both the debater and audience can gain from the encounter. Throughout the course of human history, we have accumulated much knowledge. Many of the new subjects have come from scientific and philosophical debates about which there was much disagreement. If the notable figures in the scientific revolution, such as Copernicus, Kepler, Newton and Galileo had not questioned existing dogma, they would never have developed their outstanding theories which formed the foundation of modern science.
    Disagreement is not just beneficial for increasing knowledge, but it can also provide a good method to discover our faults and improve our understating through hearing a broad spectrum of opinions provided through those contradictions. Normally the disagreements will reveal some flaws of which we were unaware. We cannot discover this from people with the same views. It is during the process of examining or defending our perspectives that we improve our ways of thinking.
    Nevertheless, these advantages may be absent if the views contain personal prejudice. Only views derived from objectivity from the problem itself - instead of personal attacks will have positive effects since people instinctively act to protect themselves regardless of their opinions. In this type of situation, personal attacks will just deepen the divisions.
    While it is true that disagreement can cause stress and might inhibit learning in extreme situations, learning problems may also come from other factors. From the above discussion, I believe that just as much or more can be learned from people with contradictory views than can be learned from people with similar views. (487 words)

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