GRE寫作Argument 范文——比較類

題目：　　
The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a company that builds shopping malls throughout the country:
　　"The surface of a section of Route 101, paved two years ago by Good Intentions Roadways, is now badly cracked and marred by dangerous potholes. In another part of the state, a section of Route 40, paved by Appian Roadways more than four years ago, is still in good condition. Appian Roadways has recently purchased state-of-the-art paving machinery, and it has hired a new quality-control manager. Because of its superior work and commitment to quality, we should contract with Appian Roadways rather than Good Intentions Roadways to construct the access roads for all our new shopping malls."
　　范文：
　　The vice president of a company that builds shopping malls argues here that the company should hire Appian rather than Good Intentions to build access roads for the company. To support this argument the vice president points out that a certain area of Route 101 that Good Intentions repaved two years ago has deteriorated significantly, while a certain stretch of Route 40 that Appian repaved four years ago remains in good condition. The vice president also points out that Appian recently acquired new state-of-the-art paving equipment and hired a new quality-control manager. The argument seems very convincing at first but does, in fact, require a closer look.
　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】
　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument開頭段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：C – E - F的開頭結(jié)構(gòu)，首句概括原文的Conclusion。接下兩句話來(lái)概括原文為了支持他的結(jié)論，所引用兩個(gè)的Evidence，最后尾句中給出開頭段到正文段的過(guò)渡句，指出有一些邏輯上的Flaw。
　　【此段功能】
　　本段作為Argument開頭段，具體功能就在發(fā)起攻擊。首先，概括原文的結(jié)論：公司副主席認(rèn)為應(yīng)該讓 Appian 而不是Good Intentions來(lái)給公司修路。接下來(lái)分別列舉了原文為了支持這個(gè)結(jié)論引用的證據(jù)：一是Appian 四年前修的一段路情況良好, 而Good intention兩年前修的一段路已經(jīng)有很多的損壞，二是Appian公司最近有了新設(shè)備和新的質(zhì)檢經(jīng)理，這些信息的歸納都是用于鋪墊出正文段的具體攻擊。最后點(diǎn)出原文存在邏輯錯(cuò)誤，引出后面的分析。
　　First of all, it is unfair to conclude, based solely on the comparison between the two stretches of highway, that Appian does better work than Good Intentions. The conclusion relies on the assumption that the comparative quality of two contractors' work, rather than some other phenomenon, was responsible for the comparative condition of the two stretches of pavement. Perhaps the stretch that Good Intentions repaved is located in an area whose extremes in climate or high traffic volume serve to erode and damage pavement very quickly. For that matter, perhaps soil or other geological conditions in that area were primarily responsible for deterioration of the pavement along that stretch. In short, without showing that all other conditions in the two areas have been essentially the same, the vice president should not make a determination about the quality of work.
　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】
　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第一個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。
　　【此段功能】
　　本段作為正文第一段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：錯(cuò)誤類比，兩條路不同的損壞程度是由兩公司的comparative quality造成的，很可能是其他方面的原因(如，extreme climate氣候極端, high traffic volume交通流量大)而不只工程質(zhì)量導(dǎo)致道路損壞程度的差異。
　　Secondly, it is unfair to conclude based on Appian's recent equipment acquisition and personnel decision that Appian will do a better job than Good Intentions. Perhaps Good Intentions has also acquired the same type of equipment. Moreover, perhaps Good Intentions’ quality-control manager is far more experienced than Appian's new manager, and as a result Good Intentions’ product is likely to be better than Appian's. Besides, equipment and on-site management are only two of many factors affecting the quality of work. There are more factors to consider: the experience and competence of other workers, paving material used and so on. Without showing that the two firms are similar in these and other respects, the vice president cannot justify his recommendation of Appian over Good Intentions.
　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】
　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第二個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。
　　【此段功能】
　　本段作為正文第三段，攻擊文章犯的第二個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：因果類錯(cuò)誤和忽略他因。首先，Appian公司新的equipment和personnel并不意味著他會(huì)比Good Intention做的好，也許Good Intention的儀器和經(jīng)理要far more experienced。其次，equipment和Good intention只是兩個(gè)方面，還有一些其他因素(experience, worker, material...)，如果沒(méi)有在其他因素都相同的條件下只比較兩個(gè)方面，那么得到結(jié)論是靠不住的。
　　Finally, the vice president's recommendation rests on the unlikely assumption that the company has only two alternatives—Good Intentions and Appian. In all likelihood there are many more competitors, some of whom might be able to offer more competitively priced products of equal or greater quality. So, in this argument, the recommendation isn’t just over Good Intentions but over all other companies.
　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】
　　本段是文章的第三段，是論證的第三個(gè)層次。采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。
　　【此段功能】
　　本段作為正文第三段，攻擊文章犯的第三個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：忽略他因。作者只給出了Appian和Good intention這兩家公司的情況，而沒(méi)有提到當(dāng)?shù)仄渌�公司與這兩家公司相比又怎樣的情況，因此，應(yīng)該比較Appian公司和所有其他公司的情況，而不是單單與Good Intention比較。
　　In sum, the vice president has not convincingly argued that the company should hire Appian. To strengthen the argument the vice president must provide clear evidence linking quality of work to each company. The vice president must also provide better evidence that Appian's new equipment and new manager will enhance, or at least maintain, the quality of Appian's overall work at a higher level than Good Intentions’ overall work. Finally, to better assess the argument an audience would need to know what other paving contractors the company could hire, the quality of those contractors' work and the overall cost in comparison to the two companies mentioned above.
　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】
　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument結(jié)尾段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：C – S的結(jié)尾結(jié)構(gòu)，首先再次重申原文的站不住腳的Conclusion，接下來(lái)給出給合理建議Suggestion。
　　【此段功能】
本段作為Argument結(jié)尾段，具體功能就總結(jié)歸納+建議措施，首先再次重申vice president的觀點(diǎn)的建議不合理，接下來(lái)給出合理的建議：同時(shí)，他必須另外提供證據(jù)說(shuō)明A公司的新設(shè)備新經(jīng)理使得A公司與Good Intention相比具有higher level。最后vice president還要說(shuō)明其他公司與這兩家公司相比較是怎樣的情況。結(jié)尾段的三條建議非常規(guī)整的隱射前面的三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，前后呼應(yīng)，文章有力結(jié)尾，渾然一體。
        獲取更多GRE寫作高分素材，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系在線老師或撥打新通教育免費(fèi)熱線。