為什么美國(guó)沒(méi)有慶祝反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利呢？

       二戰(zhàn)給所有的參戰(zhàn)國(guó)帶來(lái)了慘痛的后果，中國(guó)為了紀(jì)念抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利70周年暨反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利而舉行了隆重的閱兵儀式，美國(guó)作為二戰(zhàn)的主要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)之一，為什么沒(méi)有慶�；顒�(dòng)呢？
To mark the 70th anniversary of Japan’s surrender, China is preparing a grand spectacle, complete with a military parade. Thirty foreign dignitaries, including Russian President Vladimir Putin, are expected to attend.
為了慶祝反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利70周年，中國(guó)正在準(zhǔn)備一場(chǎng)規(guī)模宏大的紀(jì)念活動(dòng)，包括閱兵儀式。俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾•普京（Vladimir Putin）在內(nèi)的30位外國(guó)政要將出席活動(dòng)。
But across the Pacific, in the United States, the celebrations are a little more muted.
不過(guò)，太平洋彼岸的美國(guó)似乎沒(méi)有什么要大規(guī)模慶祝的跡象。
The Japanese surrender ended one of the bloodiest wars in American history, second only to the American Civil War. Over 16 million American service members entered World War II, and 291,557 died on the battlefield. They became known as the US’ “greatest generation”.
日本的投降結(jié)束了美國(guó)歷史上僅次于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的第二血腥的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。超過(guò)160萬(wàn)的美國(guó)服役人員投入了二戰(zhàn)，其中291,557人在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上犧牲。而他們也被譽(yù)為美國(guó)“最偉大的一代”。
But the United States has struggled to memorialize the conflict in the 70 years since. Later wars, like the ones in Vietnam and the Korean Peninsula, received memorials years before World War II did. Only in 2004 did the US erect a World War II monument, alongside the other two war memorials.
不過(guò)自那以后的70年里，關(guān)于是否慶祝這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利，美國(guó)一直很矛盾。對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，如越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，美國(guó)都早就樹(shù)立了紀(jì)念碑。而直到2004年，二戰(zhàn)紀(jì)念碑才在那兩塊碑旁邊豎起。
And don’t expect any days off to commemorate World War II, either. There are federal holidays tied to the Civil War and World War I, but none for the US’ victory in 1945. Only Rhode Island celebrates the Japanese defeat with a statewide holiday.
在美國(guó)，更別指望能放一天假來(lái)紀(jì)念二戰(zhàn)了。有些聯(lián)邦假日紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和一戰(zhàn)，不過(guò)沒(méi)有一個(gè)和1945年美國(guó)二戰(zhàn)勝利相關(guān)。全國(guó)僅有羅德島州有慶祝日本投降的假日。
A modest air show did grace the skies over Washington DC this May, for the 70th anniversary of the Nazi defeat. And American newspapers are certainly noting the seven decades since Japan’s fall. But why is US’ “greatest generation” so poorly commemorated?
今年五月，華盛頓特區(qū)舉辦過(guò)一場(chǎng)小規(guī)模的飛機(jī)特技表演來(lái)紀(jì)念戰(zhàn)勝納粹70周年。美國(guó)報(bào)刊也報(bào)道過(guò)日本戰(zhàn)敗70周年。不過(guò)紀(jì)念美國(guó)“最偉大的一代”的活動(dòng)為何少得可憐？
There is no simple answer, only a tangle of history and politics, honor and sorrow. G. Kurt Piehler, director of the Institute on World War II, believes part of the reason lies with the veterans themselves.
個(gè)中原因理不清道不完，交雜著復(fù)雜的歷史、政治的因素，有榮譽(yù)也有悲慟。二戰(zhàn)研究會(huì)主任G•庫(kù)爾特•皮勒（G. Kurt Piehler）認(rèn)為部分原因在老兵自己。
World War II veterans “wanted to get on with their lives”, Piehler wrote in an article for The Daily Beast. “They tended to avoid monuments and statues, choosing instead to commemorate the war with utilitarian structures such as parks, highways, community buildings, stadiums, and hospitals.”
皮勒在給美國(guó)新聞評(píng)論網(wǎng)“每日野獸”的文章中寫(xiě)道：二戰(zhàn)老兵“想繼續(xù)正常的生活”。“他們不想要什么紀(jì)念碑、紀(jì)念雕塑，更愿意用有實(shí)用價(jià)值的建筑如公園、公路、社區(qū)建筑、體育館、醫(yī)院等來(lái)紀(jì)念戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。”
Holidays and memorials also act as sources of unity and healing – which might explain why a national monument was built relatively quickly for the controversial Vietnam War, and not for World War II.
假日和紀(jì)念碑象征著團(tuán)結(jié)和治愈，這也解釋了為什么有爭(zhēng)議的越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)比二戰(zhàn)更早有國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑。
While World War II ended in triumph and pride for the US, the Vietnam War ended in stalemate and protest. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial created a place for Americans to reunite after the strife.
美國(guó)載著勝利和榮譽(yù)結(jié)束二戰(zhàn)，而越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)束帶給美國(guó)的則是困境和抗議。越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)退伍軍人紀(jì)念碑帶給了美國(guó)沖突之后再團(tuán)結(jié)的契機(jī)。
By contrast, American involvement in World War II was stamped by a strong sense of righteousness. The US felt dragged into the war by Japan’s surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. And Americans’ moral outrage slowly grew when they realized the extent of Nazi persecution.
相比之下，美國(guó)卷入二戰(zhàn)則被貼上了強(qiáng)烈的正義標(biāo)簽。日本突襲珍珠港將美國(guó)拖入了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。在意識(shí)到納粹侵入不斷加劇后，美國(guó)人的道德正義感也逐漸覺(jué)醒。
The US still clings to that self-image, of fighting for freedom against persecution, for democracy against fascism. But showcasing that victory ran contrary to another American value: aesthetic simplicity.
美國(guó)始終將自己定義為捍衛(wèi)自由，抵制侵略，為了民主反抗法西斯主義的形象。而展示勝利違背了美國(guó)另一種價(jià)值觀——極簡(jiǎn)的美。
Hitler had built gigantic monuments to trumpet his power. Americans would celebrate theirs with ticker tape parades, and one very iconic kiss in Times Square.
希特勒建了巨大的紀(jì)念碑展示他至高的權(quán)力。美國(guó)人則用紙帶紛飛的游行和時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)上傳奇一吻來(lái)慶祝他們的勝利。
There was also the matter of delicacy to consider. For instance, Rhode Island chose to call its holiday “Victory Day”, rather than “Victory over Japan Day”, to avoid souring relations with Japan and inciting anti-Japanese racism.
當(dāng)然政治敏感性也是必須考慮的。比如，羅德島州的紀(jì)念節(jié)日取名為“勝利日”而非“戰(zhàn)勝日本紀(jì)念日”，這是為了不讓美日關(guān)系變得微妙以及避免“煽動(dòng)反日情緒”。
After all, remembering the past also means defining the future.
畢竟，紀(jì)念過(guò)去也是為了更好地面向未來(lái)。
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