2015年9月12日托福真題預(yù)測(cè)

2015.9.12托福預(yù)測(cè)口語(yǔ)部分

A girl was in bad mood because she made a vase in ceramic class and was supposed to hand in on Wednesday but unfortunately she broke it into pieces this morning.
Solution 1: glue it together as the pieces are not tiny, but she’s afraid that the professor will discover and give her a low score
Solution 2: make a new one but she has a final test for another course which she really needs to prepare.
Task 6
The professor talks about two ways how sea bottom dwellers feed themselves
The first way is active method. For example, sea anemoneQ#) camouflages into plant and parasite on other sea animals and the host will release poisonous chemicals, so sea anemone can prey easily
The second way is passive method. For example, oysters don’t move a lot but wait for tiny organism sent by sea water and waves.

2015.9.12托福預(yù)測(cè)寫作部分：
Writing
Task 1
綜合寫作
【主題】關(guān)于EAS項(xiàng)目，就是政府給那些居住在小城市的市民飛機(jī)票補(bǔ)貼
Reading：(1)可以讓所有人都有坐飛機(jī)的同等機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)猷l(xiāng)下離機(jī)場(chǎng)太遠(yuǎn)，趕過(guò)來(lái)太難;(2)可以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)，因?yàn)橛醒a(bǔ)貼，所以有旅游團(tuán)和businessman過(guò)來(lái)考察，給當(dāng)?shù)貛��?lái)生意;(3)因?yàn)閺男〕鞘酗w大城市的飛機(jī)都是那種小飛機(jī)，所以不貴，不會(huì)給政府造成負(fù)擔(dān)，比較經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。
Listening： (1)其實(shí)大部分機(jī)場(chǎng)都是很近的，一百公里以內(nèi)，可以坐車或大巴去最近的機(jī)場(chǎng)，很多城市里的人到機(jī)場(chǎng)也要花這么多時(shí)間;(2)與其花錢在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上，不如多花點(diǎn)錢在urban市區(qū)給那些來(lái)自rural area的市民提供一些幫助，比如幫他們找housing, 改善public transportation, 提供education;(3)小飛機(jī)又小又沒(méi)什么經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，很多制造商都不生產(chǎn)這種小飛機(jī)了，很難找，壞了又沒(méi)辦法修，公司買并維持運(yùn)營(yíng)這種小飛機(jī)其實(shí)是很花錢的。
Task 2 社會(huì)類
獨(dú)立寫作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today are more likely to give time and effort to improve the world than young people were in the past.

　2015.9.12托福閱讀預(yù)測(cè)

第一篇： GERMAN RAILWAY

第二篇講的是近代德國(guó)基于鐵路工業(yè)的發(fā)展。
這篇結(jié)構(gòu)為很簡(jiǎn)潔的三段。第一段總起說(shuō)了下德國(guó)發(fā)展鐵路后帶動(dòng)了一系列的發(fā)展進(jìn)步。第二段細(xì)說(shuō)了下鐵路引領(lǐng)了什么進(jìn)步，主要是鐵、煤以及其他諸如化工產(chǎn)業(yè)之類的發(fā)展。然后作者列舉了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，通過(guò)鐵路帶動(dòng)化工產(chǎn)業(yè)這個(gè)例子來(lái)闡述。(這里考作者的闡述方法)之后還強(qiáng)調(diào)了下鐵路帶動(dòng)了一個(gè)P城市的興旺，這個(gè)城市通過(guò)興建各種配套設(shè)施啥的，體現(xiàn)了鐵路給城市帶來(lái)的翻天覆地的變化。第三段主要還是圍繞P展開(kāi)說(shuō)了下，說(shuō)由于鐵路使得市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大了之類的。之后說(shuō)了鐵路還幫助人們能夠在更大范圍找工作以及周邊產(chǎn)業(yè)給了更多的人就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。(這里有雙選題)最后還說(shuō)鐵路打通了德國(guó)東西的連接，(運(yùn)河是南北的)標(biāo)志著德國(guó)工業(yè)的振興blabla。

German Railways.
As far as railway development is concerned, no corner of the world is making more rapid progress than Germany. A recent survey issued by the German railway authorities states that, during 1927, the German railways handled 1,909,000,000 passengers and 489,000,000 tons of merchandise. Steam locomotives number 24,575 and electric locomotives 316. The German railways operate some 62,940 passenger carriages, and the stock of goods wagons totals 674,318. As a result of a consistent effort at standardization, the number of types of locomotives in service on the German lines has been reduced from 250 in 1920 to 40 at the present time. Despite this standardization, the door is being left open to experiment, and, at the moment, attention is being devoted to the development of high pressure locomotives, some of these experimental machines having steam pressures as high as 880lbs. per square inch.

German Railway history began with the opening of the steam-hauled Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and Fürth on 7 December 1835. This had been preceded by the opening of the horse-hauled Prince William Railway on 20 September 1831. The first long distance railway was the Leipzig-Dresden railway, completed on 7 April 1839.

German unification in 1871 stimulated consolidation, nationalization into state-owned companies, and further rapid growth. Unlike the situation in France, the goal was support of industrialization, and so heavy lines crisscrossed the Ruhr and other industrial districts, and provided good connections to the major ports of Hamburg and Bremen. By 1880, Germany had 9,400 locomotives pulling 43,000 passengers and 30,000 tons of freight, and forged ahead of France

Social and economic benefits

【P的興旺】Prussia nationalized its railways in an effort both to lower rates on freight service and to equalize those rates among shippers. Instead of lowering rates as far as possible, the government ran the railways as a profitmaking endeavor, and the railway profits became a major source of revenue for the state. The nationalization of the railways slowed the economic development of Prussia because the state favoured the relatively backward agricultural areas in its railway building. Moreover, the railway surpluses substituted for the development of an adequate tax system.

In order to enable the free exchange of goods wagons between the different state railway administrations, the German State Railway Wagon Association (DeutscherStaatsbahnwagenverband or DSV) was formed in 1909. The standard wagons that resulted are often referred to as 'DSV wagons'.

The standardisation of goods wagons under the German State Railway Wagon Association, that had produced the Verbandsbauart ('Association design') wagons, continued as new designs using interchangeable components were introduced from about 1927. These were the Austauschbauart ('interchangeable design') wagons. The 1930s saw the introduction of welded construction and solid wheels replacing spoked wheels on new goods wagons. As the Second World War loomed, production was geared towards the war effort. The focus was on fewer types but greater numbers of so-called Kriegsbauart or wartime designs for the transportation of large quantities of tanks, vehicles, troops and supplies.

【德國(guó)鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)影響】During the Second World War, austere versions of the standard locomotives were produced to speed up construction times and minimise the use of imported materials. These were the so-called war locomotives (Kriegslokomotiven and ?bergangskriegslokomotiven)。 Absent a good highway network and trucks, the Germans relied heavily on the railways, supplemented by slower river and canal transport for bulk goods. The rail yards were the main targets of the "transportation strategy" of the British and American strategic bombing campaign of 1944-45, and resulted in massive destruction of the system.