雅思閱讀---填空題答題技巧

 本文作者：新通沈陽  答疑熱線：024-31091551

 填空題作為雅思閱讀五大題型之一，每場考試中一般會有一篇文章涉及，除了短文填空、單句填空之外，還有很多衍生題型，如：簡答題、圖形題和流程圖題。填空題的實(shí)質(zhì)就是提供一部分信息，要求考生利用已知信息尋找相關(guān)內(nèi)容的能力。 

無論是單句填空還是短文填空，都是考察尋找空格前后內(nèi)容替換表達(dá)的能力。做題步驟如下：

根據(jù)題目的標(biāo)題回文章定位至某一段落，如果沒有標(biāo)題則根據(jù)題目的首句中不可替換詞直接將題目定位至句子。

讀空格所在句子，粗略判斷所填詞的詞性與變形。

根據(jù)空格所在句子的邏輯關(guān)系回到段落中細(xì)定位，根據(jù)預(yù)判結(jié)果對應(yīng)解題。

填空題若有選項(xiàng)，則應(yīng)先依據(jù)全文以段落主題篩選語義和語法均符合要求的選項(xiàng)。

短文填空和單句填空沒有本質(zhì)性差異。 

以劍7 Test1 Passage3 Educating Psyche為例：

此處省去前6段

7. Lozanov experimented with teaching by direct suggestion during sleep, hypnosis and tance states, but found such procedures unnecessary. Hypnosis, yoga, Silva mind-control, religious ceremonies and faith healing are all associated with successful suggestion, but none of their techniques seem to be essential to it. Such rituals may be seen as placebos. Lozanov acknowledged that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo, but maintains that without such a placebo people are unable or afraid to tap the reserve capacity of their brains. Like any placebo, it must be dispensed with authority to be effective. Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion by insisting that the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three times a day before meals, Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the suggestopedic session be conducted exactly in the manner designed, by trained and accredited suggestopedic teachers.

8. While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety though success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to an inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method. They do not have enough “faith”. They do not see it as “real teaching”, especially as it does not seem to involve the “work” they have learned to believe is essential to learning.

題目：Suggestopedia uses a less direct method of suggestion than other techniques such as hypnosis. However, Lozanov admits that a certain amount of 1._____ is necessary in order to convince students, even if this is just a 2._____. Furthermore, if the method is to succeed, teachers must follow a set procedure. Although Lozanov’s method has become quite 3.______ the results of most other teachers using this method have been 4._______. 

A. spectacular B. teaching C. lesson D. authoritarian

E. unpopular F. ritual G. unspectacular H. placebo

I. involved J. appropriate K. well known  

分析：因?yàn)闆]有標(biāo)題，所以無法根據(jù)標(biāo)題定位，進(jìn)而讀題目第一句，發(fā)現(xiàn)hypnosis對應(yīng)第7段第一句中的hypnosis，因此粗略判斷填空會在該段出題。進(jìn)而根據(jù)Lozanov和acknowledged與題目中的admit的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，定位至該段第三句。接下來對詞性進(jìn)行預(yù)判，1.填不可數(shù)名詞， 2.填可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，3.填形容詞 4.填形容詞或動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。下一步要根據(jù)空格所在句子的邏輯關(guān)系和預(yù)判結(jié)果進(jìn)行解題，第一個(gè)空格后面necessary對應(yīng)原文的without such placebo, people are unable to … 所以題目1后面暫定填placebo，而題目2前面的this是對于前文的指代，實(shí)際上指代的題目1填的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)槲闹星宄�寫明the ritual surrounding suggestions in his own system is also a placebo，因此題目2的答案暫定為ritual，而實(shí)際上題目1.2的內(nèi)容為替換關(guān)系，但是根據(jù)預(yù)判的結(jié)果，題目2要求是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，所以兩道題中的placebo和ritual需要調(diào)換位置，答案為1.F 2. H

題目3和4根據(jù)spectacular進(jìn)行定位，而原文中的while體現(xiàn)的對比關(guān)系對應(yīng)的題目中的although，同時(shí)原文的few teachers….emulate the spectacular results… 對應(yīng)題目中的most other teachers，因?yàn)閒ew所代表的否定概念，說明few+ spectacular = most + 否定spectacular的形容詞，因此選G，根據(jù)對比關(guān)系，題目3只需找出G. unspectacular的反義詞即可，為A. 

實(shí)際上，填空題重點(diǎn)考察的是空格外詞匯的理解，即對替換能力的考察，而非所填詞匯本身的詞義，因此考生需要在平日的備考中加強(qiáng)多替換關(guān)系的掌握和積累，避免在填空題中失分。

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