81. Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently. 但是，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在許多種老鼠之間，這些移植法的"常規(guī)"并沒(méi)有被肝臟移植物所遵循。肝臟移植物非但從沒(méi)遭到過(guò)排斥，甚至還誘發(fā)了一種供者特異性無(wú)應(yīng)答狀態(tài)(donor-specific unresponsiveness)，在此狀態(tài)中，隨后來(lái)自那個(gè)供者其它器官的移植物，如皮膚，會(huì)永久地被接受。
82. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. 當(dāng)巖石界面被穿過(guò)的時(shí)候，震波所遇到的彈性性質(zhì)通常會(huì)發(fā)生突然的變化，這就使得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回來(lái)的波被震波紀(jì)錄儀記錄下來(lái)。
83. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles,and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. 數(shù)據(jù)資料已被統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)，或被重新統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)，以便證明在文體學(xué)這方面，《乞援衰女》實(shí)際上確實(shí)在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》(后兩者現(xiàn)在則變成了"原始"的劇作)之后以及在軸殘片卻喚起了一種幽靈似的疑慮，即另一塊殘片有可能再度被挖掘出來(lái)，并證明，比如說(shuō)，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以擊敗索福克勒斯的《達(dá)那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，從而將創(chuàng)作年代再度置于極度的混亂之中. 注：best:擊敗,=defeat, overcome, outdo
84. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. 一個(gè)社會(huì)所創(chuàng)造出來(lái)藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成產(chǎn)生，以保存在這個(gè)社會(huì)看來(lái)具有本質(zhì)意義的文化遺產(chǎn)的各個(gè)方面。
85. Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. 傳統(tǒng)上，風(fēng)媒傳粉被看成是這樣的繁殖過(guò)程：其特征就是由一些隨即事件的發(fā)生，在這些隨機(jī)事件里，風(fēng)的反復(fù)無(wú)常被大量的產(chǎn)生花粉所補(bǔ)償，以至于新種子的最終產(chǎn)生被保證了，其代價(jià)是產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于實(shí)際使用量的花粉。
86. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects. 由于花粉粒在其長(zhǎng)距離的運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中所要面臨的潛在危險(xiǎn)是巨大的，按上述觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，由風(fēng)授粉的植物補(bǔ)償了通過(guò)偶發(fā)事件而伴隨造成的花粉損失。其途徑是，制造出大于昆蟲(chóng)授粉的植物種類所產(chǎn)生的花粉量的一至三個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)的花粉量。
87. For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone's surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next. 例如，帶有胚珠的松球的鱗苞綜合體的螺旋狀安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，對(duì)于氣流模式的形成與產(chǎn)生殊為重要，而這些氣流模式在松球的表現(xiàn)盤(pán)旋上升，從而把在空氣中飛行的花粉從一個(gè)鱗苞傳播至下一個(gè)鱗苞。
88. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry". FE,卻預(yù)測(cè)婦女們將被從家庭的"社會(huì)、法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)壓迫"中解放出來(lái)，只是通過(guò)使得征召"整個(gè)女性階層進(jìn)入公共的工業(yè)中去"成為可能的技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方式做到的。
89. It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation of secretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thenceforth considered "women's work." 十九世紀(jì)八十年代，產(chǎn)生了新的一類"沒(méi)前途"的職業(yè)，這并不是因?yàn)檗k公室技術(shù)發(fā)生了改變，而是由于秘書(shū)工作--在此之前被視作是初起步的經(jīng)理們的一種習(xí)見(jiàn)訓(xùn)練--與行政工作的分離。自此以后，這類"沒(méi)前途"的職業(yè)便被視作是"女人的工作。"
90. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 二十世紀(jì)已婚婦女在家庭以外就業(yè)的人數(shù)不斷增加，這與家務(wù)的機(jī)械化及這些婦女閑暇時(shí)間的增加并無(wú)多大聯(lián)系，更多地是與婦女自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)需要和高婚姻率相關(guān)。高婚姻率致使所能雇傭的單身女工的總量縮減，而在此之前的許多情形中，單身女性則是雇主們所愿雇傭的唯一-一類婦女。 The pool of 如果后面跟著一群人，則表示勞動(dòng)力資源。
