1. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. 請(qǐng)思考:如果文中說這句話的前提是：all population are driven by two (and only two) categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者說上面的這句話有什么用意。解釋：本句雖然貌不驚人，但本書既然將其收錄進(jìn)來，并標(biāo)出難度5，就意味著其中有怪異之處。值得一提的是，本文前面曾把控制種群密度的因素分為兩種，一種叫做density-dependent factors(這里簡稱d-d因素)，另一種叫做dentsity-independent factors(簡稱d-I因素)。原文的直譯雖然好懂，但是總令人感覺說得不甚明白。顯然，GRE或GMAT的作者不可能隨便說一句無關(guān)痛癢的話，那么沒有任何種群能夠在所有的時(shí)間全被d-I因素所控制，其真正意思是什么呢?就是：一切種群都必然在某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)受到d-d因素的控制。本句是ETS在考試中慣用的正話反說的典型例子，請(qǐng)讀者深沉體會(huì)。本句在文章中也是理解作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵所在。
2. In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics. 為了能理解生態(tài)學(xué)家們所從事的研究的性質(zhì)，我們可以把那些作用于增長參數(shù)的密度依賴效應(yīng)視作生態(tài)學(xué)家們力圖將其分離并予以解釋的"信號(hào)"，正是這一信號(hào)傾向于使種群從相對(duì)較低的數(shù)值遞增，或從相對(duì)較高的數(shù)值遞減;而與此同時(shí)，那些密度獨(dú)立效應(yīng)起到的作用則構(gòu)成了種群動(dòng)態(tài)變化中的"噪音"。
3. But the play's complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois' famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity，or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. 但該劇有關(guān)黑人自尊可與人類團(tuán)結(jié)相融合這一復(fù)雜觀點(diǎn)，絲毫都不比杜波伊斯(Du Bois)的理想或法儂(Fanon)的強(qiáng)調(diào)來得更為"矛盾"：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深思熟慮的理想是，民族的自覺可以和人類大同共存;法儂則對(duì)理想的國際主義進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而這一理想的國際主義同樣也能兼容民族身份與角色。
4. In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs' to Raisin in the Sun? 在以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，文章的作者加強(qiáng)了她對(duì)類似這樣的對(duì)于《》做出的反應(yīng)的批判呢?
5. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. 作為二十世紀(jì)早期"進(jìn)步派"史學(xué)家(如Beard和Becker)等人某些觀點(diǎn)的繼承者，這些近期的史學(xué)家所提出的觀點(diǎn)值得我們予以評(píng)價(jià)。
6. Despite these vague categories，one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. 盡管存在這些模糊范疇，但我們不應(yīng)該斷然聲稱，在各個(gè)易于辨認(rèn)出的階層之間所存在的敵對(duì)態(tài)度就無法被合理地觀察到。
7. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. 然而，有些史學(xué)家強(qiáng)調(diào)在殖民者之間曾出現(xiàn)過一種普遍的一致意見。這些史學(xué)家如果不認(rèn)識(shí)到各種矛盾的存在，就無法充分地理解這種一致意見，而所有那些矛盾只有在被克服或壓制之后才有可能獲得那種一致意見。 It 指代：general consensus
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War? 從文章中可以推斷出來，作者最有可能同意以下哪一個(gè)關(guān)于在美國革命戰(zhàn)爭中的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)各階層及其對(duì)叛黨和保王黨的支持的陳述?
9. She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness. 她希望拋棄傳統(tǒng)的方法和像芭蕾舞這樣已經(jīng)確立的舞蹈語言，而希望探索人類表現(xiàn)力的內(nèi)在源泉。
10. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. 盡管有可能從實(shí)際制造的商品和服務(wù)中可推知制造商和服務(wù)業(yè)認(rèn)為他們的顧客所需要的是什么，但只有對(duì)由實(shí)際顧客撰寫的相關(guān)的個(gè)人文件進(jìn)行一番研究，方能提供一幅精確的圖畫，藉以說明"什么樣的人"需要什么樣的東西。
