教師干貨：你的雅思寫作符合西方作文審美嗎？

雅思寫作跟口語一向都是大陸烤鴨們備戰(zhàn)雅思考試路上的最大絆腳石，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，自2000年以來，大陸考生的作文平均分為5.2左右，在所有國家的考生中名列倒數(shù)。

那么究竟是什么導致這一現(xiàn)象呢？筆者認為除了中西方思維差異外，另一點就是沒有養(yǎng)成好的，或者說，符合西方作文審美的寫作習慣。今天筆者為各位烤鴨們帶來一些自己在教學和備戰(zhàn)雅思作文路上的一些個人心得，希望能有所幫助。

一、正確使用指代詞

使用的指代詞包括人稱代詞，物主代詞和一些特定的詞語。

★ 使用人稱代詞或物主代詞代替文章中重復出現(xiàn)的詞

劍橋4 test4 task2范文中的句子：

But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.

★ 使用特定的詞語來指代某一類事物

這些詞包括one, that, those, so, this, not和do的各種形式。同時，被替代的可以是名詞、動詞，也可以是句子。

①替代名詞(用one, that, those來替代某個名詞)

劍橋7 test B task2范文中的句子：

I agree with the view that stars in the entertainment business are usually over paid. However, it is also true that it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get this huge salary.

②替代動詞(用do的各種形式來代替前面提到的動詞)

劍橋4 test4 task2范文中的句子：

When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.

③替代句子(用so, this, 或者not來替代一個句子)

劍橋4 test4 task2范文中的句子：

Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.

二、正確使用意思相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞

使用同義詞，反義詞等意義相互關(guān)聯(lián)的詞可以提醒讀者一些相關(guān)的概念，而通過這些概念的反復出現(xiàn)達到與重復相類似的效果。

★ 同義詞

劍橋5 test B task2范文中的句子：

I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of this rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food.

★ 反義詞

劍橋5 test2 task2范文中的句子：

The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

★ 有相互補充關(guān)系的詞

劍橋4 test4 task2范文中的句子：

When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.

劍橋5 test4 task2范文中的句子：

Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before.

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三、 把重點擺在句首或句尾

一般而論，最顯眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中間的位置最平淡，乏善可陳。例如：

(1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers' attention.

(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilization.

把重點放在句尾是種“吊胃口”的方法，讀者或聽者非得讀完或聽完整句不可。

四、在復雜句里，把主句放在從句之后

除了名詞從句和形容詞從句之外，因為它們位置較固定，副詞從句中有幾種的位置靈活，可以在主句之前出現(xiàn)，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我們就把這樣的副詞從句提前，重點則放在后頭的主句，如(3b)：

(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.

(3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.

副詞短語更是如此，如 (4b):

(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.

(4b) Because of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives, razers and other useful tools.

五、把較重要或有分量的詞語放在后頭，如(5b)和(6b)：

(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera

(5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.

(6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.

(6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic.

六、把句子中一系列的項目作邏輯性的排列。例如：

(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.

(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of higher education?

七、必要時，重復重要的語詞或概念。例如：

(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.

(10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.

八、盡量用主動態(tài)，因此(11b)比(11a)好：

(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.

(11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.

九、適當時候，可用倒裝句和平行句，如：

(12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.

(13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.

(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.

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