托福聽力詞匯邊讀邊學：暑期工減少了犯罪率

本篇文章主要講的是暑假工減少了青少年的暴力犯罪率。因為暑期工使青少年學會自我控制，沒有時間沮喪，學會處理矛盾。下面大家看一下這篇托福聽力背景材料中出現(xiàn)的生詞吧，希望能夠給正在備考托福聽力考試的學生帶來幫助。

A study following teens who had summer jobs (暑期工)found violent crime(暴力犯罪) in that population almost cut in half, during and following the employment.

Violence is more than a criminal problem. It’s also a public health issue. More than 6,000 people are injured annually (每年)due to violence, mostly young people in low-income neighborhoods(社區(qū)). Jobs programs for teens done with school have proven costly and seem to do little to reduce violence. But summer employment for kids still in school may be effective(有效的), according to a study by criminologist (犯罪學者)Sara Heller at the University of Pennsylvania.

She followed more than 1,600 young people, many of whom took part in a Chicago program called One Summer Plus. It offers 8-week stints at jobs such as camp counselors(營隊輔導員), community gardeners(園藝大師), or government office workers at minimum wage.

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One group of kids worked 25 hours a week, with an adult mentor(指導者). Another group worked 15 hours and got 10 hours of social-emotional education(情感教育). A control group got nothing. Based on school and police records, Heller found a 43 percent decrease in violent crime in the two groups that had jobs. This lasted long after the program ended.

The work apparently helps students learn to manage conflict, reduce frustration(挫敗) and improve self control. Heller concludes that intervention(介入) programs can be low-cost and effective, “even for a problem as destructive(破壞的) and complex as youth violence.”

下面是本篇文章的疑難詞匯匯總
　　Annually adv. 每年;一年一次
　　Criminologist n. 犯罪學者;刑事學家
　　Counselor n. 顧問;法律顧問;參事(等于counsellor)
　　mentor. n. 指導者，良師益友vt. 指導
　　frustration n. 挫折
　　destructive adj. 破壞的;毀滅性的;有害的，消極的

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