托福閱讀素材：多吃巧克力有好處嗎(自然科學(xué)篇)

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　　Can chocolate improve memory?
　　Brain processes decrease as we age. By the time we reach our 50s and 60s we may have trouble remembering simple things such as the names of new people we meet or where we put our car keys.
　　Dr. Scott Small is a professor of neurologyat Columbia University in New York City. He is the lead writer of a research paper describing the effects of cocoa flavanols on brain activity.
　　The study involved 37 volunteers aged between 50 and 69. Researchers gave them a high-level flavanol drink made from cocoa beans or a low-level flavanol drink. For a period of three months, some subjects got 900 milligrams of flavanol a day. The others got 10 milligrams of flavanol each day.

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　　Brain imaging and memory tests were given to each study subject before and after the study. Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavanol drink showed much improvement on memory tests.
　　Four-year study to dig deeper into healing powers of flavanol
　　The researchers warn that more work is needed because this study was performed on a small group. Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts recently announced plans to do just that.
　　Dr. JoAnn Manson is the lead researcher of a four-year study involving 18,000 adults. This study will use flavanol capsules.
　　“This capsule of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the saturated fat found in chocolate.”
　　The study subjects will be divided into two groups and will take two pills a day. The capsules will all look the same. But, one group’s capsules will contain flavanols. The other group will take capsules made of an inactive substance, or placebo.
　　Dr. Manson says that a person would have to eat ten times a normal amount to get the flavanols in just one flavanol pill.
　　“The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat.”
　　But Dr. Small says people should not necessarily start eating more chocolate. He says a person would have to eat a huge amount of chocolate to get the level of flavanol given to the test subjects. He also says many manufacturers remove the flavanols from their chocolate products.
　　Dr. Small says a cocoa-based flavanol extract may be developed in the future. He says that more studies are needed to see how much flavanol is good for human health.

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長難句：

1.Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavanol drink showed much improvement on memory tests.
　　句子類型：賓語從句+定語從句
　　句子拆分：
　　主干：Dr. Small says…
　　賓語從句：that the subjects showed much improvement on memory tests定語從句：the subjects who had the high-level flavanol drink
　　翻譯：斯摩爾教授表示，飲用高濃度黃烷醇飲料的受試者在記憶測試中大有提高。

2.The researchers warn that more work is needed because this study was performed on a small group.
　　句子類型：賓語從句+原因狀語從句
　　句子拆分：
　　主干：The researchers warn…
　　賓語從句：that more work is needed
　　定語從句：because this study was performed on a small group
　　翻譯：研究人員警告說還需要做更多工作，因為這項研究是在一個很小的群體中進行。

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3.The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat.
　　句子類型：定語從句
　　句子拆分：
　　主干：The amount of chocolate would be more than ten times the amount.
　　定語從句：that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols
　　翻譯：為了獲得這種量級的可可黃烷醇，人們需要食用的巧克力數(shù)量是正常人通常食用的10倍以上。

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